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Middle East and Central Asia > Jordan

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Cover High-Level Summary Technical Assistance Reports
Jordan: Climate Policy Diagnostic
Suphachol Suphachalasai
,
Hasan Dudu
,
Diala Al Masri
,
Fabiana Machado
,
Junko Mochizuki
, and
Karlygash Zhunussova
This technical assistance conducts a climate policy diagnostic for Jordan, covering climate adaptation and mitigation policy, as well as enabling institutions. Jordan faces acute challenges of climate-food-water nexus—innovative climate policy approaches are key, given limited fiscal space. While Jordan needs to strengthen the investment climate for climate investment through streamlining existing policies and alleviating critical barriers, making social policy more shock-responsive and strengthening risk management can go a long way in building resilience. As climate-related risks globally intensify, the government is encouraged to move toward a risk-informed policy and financing strategy.
Keywords:
fiscal policy; climate adaptation; climate mitigation; Jordan climate policy diagnostic; mitigation policy; climate policy approach; Policy solution; climate policy solution; Climate policy; Climate finance
Cover High-Level Summary Technical Assistance Reports
Jordan: Climate Module of the Public Investment Management Assessment and Green Public Financial Management
Bryn Battersby
,
Diala Al Masri
,
Robert N Clifton
,
Ed Hearne
,
Murray Petrie
, and
Jad Mazahreh
The assistance assessed how climate change impacts and mitigation and adaptation responses are addressed in the public investment cycle using the Climate Module of the Public Investment Management Assessment (C-PIMA). The assistance also evaluated the scope to advance Green Public Financial Management (PFM) practices, drawing on the IMF’s new Green PFM framework. Jordan was found to performs well in the climate-aware planning and coordination institutions of the C-PIMA, but some gaps were identified in implementation aspects of the framework, and there were several areas where climate could be better integrated in the PFM system.
Keywords:
Public investment management; C-PIMA; climate change; Green PFM; climate change consideration; PFM system; planning institution; Green PFM framework; C-PIMA show Jordan; climate change planning; climate sensitivity; Public Investment Management Assessment (PIMA); Public investment spending
Cover High-Level Summary Technical Assistance Reports
Developing Supervisory Review and Evaluation Process SRP Framework
Nehmat H Hantas
and
Sebastien Clanet
The International Monetary Fund (IMF)’s Middle East Regional Technical Assistance Center (METAC) is currently assisting the Central Bank of Jordan (CBJ) in enhancing its risk-based supervision through the development of a Supervisory Review and Evaluation SRP framework inspired from European Central Bank (ECB) methodology. The Technical Assistance (TA) mission is part of a multi-step medium-term project. The TA mission aimed to design, in coordination with CBJ, a progressive multi-step roadmap defining the major milestones for a full implementation of SRP. The mission noted that several dimensions should be taken into consideration when implementing the SRP, most notably bridging the data gap by building a fully-fledged supervisory risk database through a dedicated IT project, assessing whether the current organization of the Banking Supervisory Department should be adjusted, and progressively cover all material sources of risks in the SRP.
Keywords:
Central Bank; Banking Supervision; Risk-based Supervision; Supervisory Review Process; Roadmap; Milestones; evaluation process SRP framework; TA mission; SRP approach; SRP assessment; capacity development recipient
Cover Technical Assistance Reports
Jordan: Technical Assistance Report-Developing Supervisory Review and Evaluation Process SRP Framework
International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept.
The International Monetary Fund (IMF)’s Middle East Regional Technical Assistance Center (METAC) is currently assisting the Central Bank of Jordan (CBJ) in enhancing its risk-based supervision through the development of a Supervisory Review and Evaluation SRP framework inspired from European Central Bank (ECB) methodology. The Technical Assistance TA mission is part of a multi-step medium-term project. The TA mission aimed to design, in coordination with CBJ, a progressive multi-step roadmap defining the major milestones for a full implementation of SRP. The mission noted that several dimensions should be taken into consideration when implementing the SRP, most notably bridging the data gap by building a fully-fledged supervisory risk database through a dedicated IT project, assessing whether the current organization of the Banking Supervisory Department should be adjusted, and progressively cover all material sources of risks in the SRP.
Keywords:
evaluation process SRP framework; SRP framework; CBJ's supervision staff; SRP approach; IMF's Monetary; Bank supervision; Commercial banks; Risk-based supervision; Credit risk; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Jordan: Request for an Extended Arrangement Under the Extended Fund Facility and Cancellation of the Current Arrangement Under the Extended Fund Facility-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Jordan
International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept.
This paper presents Jordan’s Request for an Extended Arrangement under the Extended Fund Facility and Cancellation of the Current Arrangement under the Extended Fund Facility (EFF). Building on Jordan’s consistently strong performance under the previous program, the new EFF arrangement will support the authorities’ efforts toward maintaining macro-stability; further building resilience, and accelerating structural reforms to achieve stronger, more inclusive growth and job creation. Sound policymaking and support from international partners have helped Jordan to withstand well a series of shocks over the past few years and to maintain macro-stability, broad-based economic growth, and market access, and strengthen social safety nets. Going forward, supported by the new EFF arrangement, policies are focused on maintaining macro-stability and further building resilience, and accelerating structural reforms to achieve stronger, more inclusive growth and job creation, to tackle high unemployment. Further progress in implementing structural reforms to improve the business environment and attract private investment is crucial to create a dynamic private sector, foster job-rich growth, and achieve the objectives of Jordan’s Economic Modernization Vision.
Keywords:
EFF arrangement; reform agenda; economy well; government entity; Jordan compact; Fiscal stance; Arrears; Global
Cover High-Level Summary Technical Assistance Reports
Jordan: Health Spending Efficiency: Issues and Reform Directions
Nick Carroll
,
Carolina Bloch
,
Eduardo González-Pier
, and
Stefan Kiss
This report reviews Jordan’s public health expenditure and develops options to enhance spending efficiency that support the government’s health and fiscal consolidation efforts. The particular focus of the mission was to provide support on: (1) overall health spending analysis, (2) support country efforts to develop and implement an affordable path to expand health coverage, (3) identify areas where the Ministry of Finance can build capacity and support reform efforts.
Keywords:
Health system; Public Administration
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Jordan: Sixth Review Under the Extended Arrangement Under the Extended Fund Facility and Request for Modification of Performance Criteria-Press Release; and Staff Report
International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept.
This paper presents Jordan’s Sixth Review under the Extended Arrangement under the Extended Fund Facility and Request for Modification of Performance Criteria. The IMF-supported program remains firmly on track, with key quantitative targets met and strong performance on structural benchmarks, reflecting the authorities’ strong ownership. Despite a challenging global environment, Jordan’s economy is projected to continue to grow this year at 2.6 percent, and inflation has remained relatively low and is declining. The Jordanian authorities have managed to successfully navigate recent external shocks and maintain macro-economic stability in an uncertain and challenging environment. Thanks to the steadfast implementation of prudent fiscal and monetary policies, fiscal consolidation is on track, capital market access has been maintained, and inflation has remained relatively low and is declining, while reserve coverage is strong. Monetary policy has responded quickly to U.S. Federal Reserve policy changes and remains focused on safeguarding the peg and maintaining strong reserve buffers.
Keywords:
government balance; transparency policy; Jordanian dinar; prudent fiscal policy; logistics support; program financing; Arrears; Fiscal stance; Interest payments; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Jordan: Financial Sector Assessment Program-Financial System Stability Assessment
International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
This paper on Jordan focuses on the financial system stability assessment. Jordan’s financial sector, dominated by banks, has withstood several large external shocks since the latest financial sector assessment program (FSAP) that was conducted in 2008–09 in part thanks to measures implemented by the authorities to enhance the system’s resilience and oversight. The FSAP’s systemic risk analysis found that Jordan’s banking sector appeared broadly resilient. Banks would be able to withstand a large global stagflationary shock, if it were to occur, given high levels of system-wide regulatory capital and robust earnings. The challenging external risk environment highlights the need strengthening the financial stability framework. The FSAP recommended that the banking supervision approach be more risk-based and forward-looking. Pillar 2 supervisory assessments should be developed for more risk-sensitive capital requirements. The macroprudential framework needs stronger decision-making and a more refined strategy. Several data gaps should be filled to implement stress tests on a globally consolidated basis, run systemic foreign currency liquidity analyses, and perform more granular analyses of household and corporate sector vulnerabilities to guide the calibration of borrower-based macroprudential tools.
Cover High-Level Summary Technical Assistance Reports
Jordan: Retail Central Bank Digital Currency Exploration
Natsuki Tsuda
,
Ms. Marianne Bechara
,
Stephanie Forte
,
Kathleen Kao
,
Shuji Kobayakawa
,
Ashley Lannquist
, and
Frankosiligi Solomon
This paper presents high-level summary technical assistance report on Jordan’s Retail Central Bank Digital Currency Exploration (rCBDC). Retail payment systems in Jordan are well integrated, enabling customers to make transactions between banks and PSPs through JoMoPay and CliQ. The cross-border remittance market is populated by many service providers. The mission explored three policy objectives that a potential rCBDC may help achieve, namely, financial inclusion, domestic payment improvement, and cross-border payment improvement. If the CBJ pursues further work on rCBDC, it should rigorously evaluate benefits against risks and costs. It should also consider the best non-CBDC solutions to address pain points and compare the merits, risks, and costs of rCBDC against those of alternatives. It is recommended to enhance capabilities to protect critical payment infrastructure, including establishing a 24/7 Securities Operations Center for the financial sector. Based on the decisions on the design and use cases, the Central Bank of Jordan should assess the existing legal framework to evaluate: the readiness for the issuance of an rCBDC; and the need for any required legal amendments.
Keywords:
central bank digital currency CBDC distributed ledger technology noncash payments payment system central bank remittances mobile banking financial intermediaries
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Jordan: Fifth Review Under the Extended Arrangement Under the Extended Fund Facility and Request for Modification of Performance Criteria-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Jordan
International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept.
This paper discusses Jordan’s Fifth Review under the Extended Arrangement under the Extended Fund Facility and Request for Modification of Performance Criteria. Jordan has continued a broad-based recovery amid a challenging external environment, thanks to the authorities’ effective policy response. Financial challenges in the electricity sector are exacerbating fiscal pressures, particularly as food subsidies have increased considerably on the back of high international prices. As agreed in the fourth review, the authorities have eliminated the subsidies on gasoline and diesel. They also met structural benchmarks on introducing goods and services tax place of taxation rules; strengthening the governance of fiscal incentives; improving the competition framework; removing legal impediments to female employment; implementing a foreign direct investment survey; and rolling out e-procurement. The 2022 and 2023 fiscal targets are being relaxed slightly to accommodate higher food-related spending. The authorities remain committed to reducing public debt/gross domestic product to 80 percent by 2027. IMF expects the implications for the program to be manageable, given the authorities’ ownership and commitment to program objectives and Jordan’s continued ability to attract development partner support.
Keywords:
staff appraisal; revenue generation; financing requirement; cabinet adoption of an action plan; fund staff; Arrears; Fiscal stance; Global