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Europe > Iceland

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Cover Finance & Development
Finance & Development, March 2019
International Monetary Fund. Communications Department
This issue of Finance & Development discusses need of empowering women, which is critical for the world’s economy and people. Unequal or unfair treatment can marginalize women and hinder their participation as productive individuals contributing to society and the economy in invaluable ways. The rich tapestry of organizations and individuals who can make a difference to ensure women have equal opportunities; there is a crucial role for policymakers. They can use their positions to design policies that help women and girls’ access what they need for a fulfilling life—including education, health services, safe transportation, legal protection against harassment, finance, and flexible working arrangements. The IMF recommends these kinds of policy measures to its member countries—and works with many governments to examine how policies affect women. The IMF’s 189 member countries face many different challenges, but empowering women remains a common denominator and a global imperative for all those who care about fairness and diversity, but also productivity and growth of societies and economies that are more inclusive.
Keywords:
FD; F&D; economy; worker; gender equality; gender wrong; garment factory workforce; authorities in Africa; IMF's expertise; citizenship law; AI skill; Women; Gender inequality; Minimum wages; Gender diversity; Income inequality; Global; Africa; South Asia; Europe; Middle East; North Africa; Labor force participation; class AnalystIn; gender DiversityThe; costs of Unpaid CaregivingBanking
Cover Finance & Development
Finance & Development, March 2019
International Monetary Fund. Communications Department
Finance and Development
Keywords:
FD; F&D; economy; worker; gender equality; gender wrong
Cover Finance & Development
Finance & Development, March 2019
International Monetary Fund. Communications Department
Finance and Development
Keywords:
FD; F&D; economy; worker; gender equality; gender wrong
Cover Finance & Development
Finance & Development, March 2019
International Monetary Fund. Communications Department
Finance and Development
Keywords:
FD; F&D; economy; worker; gender equality; gender wrong
Cover Finance & Development
Finance & Development, March 2019
International Monetary Fund. Communications Department
Finance and Development
Keywords:
FD; F&D; economy; worker; gender equality; gender wrong
Cover IMF Working Papers
Allocating Business Income between Capital and Labor under a Dual Income Tax: The Case of Iceland
Ms. Thornton Matheson
and
Mr. Pall Kollbeins
In contrast to most Scandinavian countries, Iceland allocates the income of closely held businesses (CHBs) between capital and labor based on administratively set minimum wages rather than an imputed return to book assets.  This paper  contrasts the relative tax burdens of the current minimum wage system with asset-based allocation methods, and finds that switching to an asset-based method could increase tax revenues from CHBs in a generally progressive manner.  Predictably, the shift would also raise the tax burden of skilled labor-intensive industries more than it would that of capital-intensive industries.
Keywords:
WP; wage; minimum wage; CHB owner; Dual income tax; small business taxation; wage income; capital income; CHB income; business owner; Income; Capital income; Personal income tax; Minimum wages