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Europe > Iceland

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Cover Departmental Papers
Commodity Cycles, Inequality, and Poverty in Latin America
Mr. Ravi Balakrishnan
,
Sandra Lizarazo
,
Marika Santoro
,
Mr. Frederik G Toscani
, and
Mr. Mauricio Vargas
Over the past decades, inequality has risen not just in advanced economies but also in many emerging market and developing economies, becoming one of the key global policy challenges. And throughout the 20th century, Latin America was associated with some of the world’s highest levels of inequality. Yet something interesting happened in the first decade and a half of the 21st century. Latin America was the only region in the World to have experienced significant declines in inequality in that period. Poverty also fell in Latin America, although this was replicated in other regions, and Latin America started from a relatively low base. Starting around 2014, however, and even before the COVID-19 pandemic hit, poverty and inequality gains had already slowed in Latin America and, in some cases, gone into reverse. And the COVID-19 shock, which is still playing out, is likely to dramatically worsen short-term poverty and inequality dynamics. Against this background, this departmental paper investigates the link between commodity prices, and poverty and inequality developments in Latin America.
Keywords:
latin America; Commodity Cycles; Inequality; Poverty; Equilibrium Models; commodity exporter; commodity cycle; IMF staff calculation; commodity price boom; natural resource; commodity endowment; Headcount ratio; poverty in Latin America; Income inequality; Income; Income distribution; South America; Central America; Western Hemisphere; Caribbean
Cover Financial Globalization
Financial Globalization
The Impact on Trade, Policy, Labor, and Capital Flows
International Monetary Fund

Abstract

Assiduously tracking the trends and consequences of globalization, the IMF's quarterly magazine Finance & Development has been a major forum for discussing-and dissecting-the policy options and challenges faced by governments in an era when many national decisions transcend borders. This valuable compilation of articles published over the past eight years focuses on financial globalization, including the policy implications of the huge growth in cross-border capital flows. Articles also look at the expansion of world trade, explore the impact of globalization on jobs, taxation, and the poor, and examine the digital divide between developed and some developing countries. An extraordinary summary that distills nearly a decade of accelerated change.

Keywords:
BOOK; market; liberalization; country; economy; trade openness; market participant; emerging market country; globalization time line; employed workforce; trade share; Capital flows; Emerging and frontier financial markets; Income inequality; Capital account liberalization; Global; Europe; East Asia; Asia and Pacific; North Africa
Cover IMF Survey
IMF Survey, Volume 30, Issue 12
International Monetary Fund. External Relations Dept.
On June 7, IMF Managing Director Horst Köhler announced the appointments of the new First Deputy Managing Director and three department heads. The full text of IMF Press Release No. 01/27 is available on the IMF’s website (www.imf.org).
Keywords:
SV; poverty reduction strategy paper; IMF Treasurer's Department; IMF staff country report; EFF arrangement; IMF survey; growth facility; IMF staff country; Köhler Proposes Stanford University; Bonds; Debt conversion; Exchange rates; Financial sector; Asia and Pacific; Global; Caribbean; East Asia