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International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
This technical note on Iceland presents analyses management and supervision of climate-related financial risks in the banking sector. The Icelandic authorities are committed to addressing climate change issues and reaching ambitious objectives to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Domestic coordination with the Central Bank of Iceland (CBI) should be enhanced to support adequate consideration of climate-related financial risks within the financial sector. CBI should as soon as possible address the data quality and availability issues on climate-related financial risks. CBI has started to incorporate climate-related financial risks within the macroprudential surveillance and supervisory processes. The intensity and thoroughness of systematic supervision of climate-related financial risks within the banking sector should be gradually increased. In addition, banks should fully incorporate climate-related financial risks into their risk management frameworks in addition to their commendable efforts toward transparency. Finally, CBI should determine whether banks’ capital and liquidity buffers are adequate to cover climate-related financial risks.
International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
This Selected Issues paper on Iceland analyzes housing market risks and housing affordability. House prices in Iceland have increased markedly since the onset of the coronavirus disease-pandemic, with signs that the valuations have exceeded macro fundamentals and long-term trends. Overvaluation has important implications for macroeconomic and financial stability, and housing affordability. House price cycles seem to be closely linked with the business cycle, indicating an amplification risk in the event of price correction. Thus, well calibrated and coordinated policies are crucial to navigate the house price cycle, minimize adverse feedbacks, and reduce affordability risk. IMF’s quantitative analysis examines the interplay between house prices and related factors. The ongoing monetary policy tightening cycle should help address Iceland’s house price pressures. Further macroprudential tightening through binding and effective borrower-based measures could help contain systemic risks and create further buffers in the financial sector. In the medium term, focusing on structural measures that reduce construction costs and increase supply by eliminating red-tape and reducing the period for obtaining building permits is likely to have the highest pay-off.
International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept.
This Note prepared for the G20 Infrastructure Working Group summarizes the main finding of the IMF flagships regarding the role of environmentally sustainable investment for the recovery. It emphasizes that environmentally sustainable investment is an important enabler for a resilient greener, and inclusive recovery—it creates jobs, spurs economic growth, addresses climate change, and improves the quality of life. It can also stimulate much needed private sector greener and resilient investment.