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Asia and Pacific > India

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Cover IMF Working Papers
Seven Finance & Trade Lessons from COVID-19 for Future Pandemics
Ruchir Agarwal
and
Ms. Gita Gopinath
Pandemics and epidemics pose risks to lives, societies, and economies, and their frequency is expected to increase as rising trade and increased human interaction with animals leads to the emergence of new diseases. The COVID-19 pandemic teaches us that we can and must be better prepared, with scope for much greater global coordination to address the financing, supply-chain, and trade barriers that amplified the pandemic’s economic costs and contributed to the emergence of new variants. This paper draws seven early lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic that could inform future policy priorities and help shape a better global response to future crises.
Keywords:
COVID-19; pandemic; Finance & Trade; trade lesson; financing framework; economic cost; timing of financing; IMF pandemic proposal; Health care; Trade finance; Global
Cover IMF Working Papers
State-Level Health and Economic Impact of COVID-19 in India
Mr. Pragyan Deb
and
Ms. TengTeng Xu
The health and economic impacts of COVID-19 on India have been substantial, with wide variation across states and union territories. This paper quantifies the impact of containment measures and voluntary social distancing on both the spread of the virus and the economy at the state level during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. We construct a de-facto measure of state-level social distancing, combining containment strigency and observed mobility trends. State-level empirical analysis suggests that social distancing and containment measures effectively reduced case numbers, but came with high economic costs. State characteristics, such as health care infrastructure and the share of services in the economy, played an important role in shaping the health and economic outcomes, highlighting the importance of adequate social spending, health care infrastructure, and social safety nets.
Keywords:
India; COVID-19; social distancing; containment measures.; containment measure; State characteristic; B. aggregate Results; health outcome; containment strigency; Infrastructure; Health care
Cover IMF Working Papers
Education and Health for Inclusiveness
Mr. Nikola Spatafora
We discuss existing shortfalls and inequalities in the accumulation of human capital—knowledge, skills, and health. We analyze their immediate and systemic causes, and assess the scope for public intervention. The broad policy goals should be to improve: the quality, and not just the quantity, of education and health care; outcomes for disadvantaged groups; and lifelong outcomes. The means to achieve these goals, while maximizing value for money, include: focusing on results rather than just inputs; moving from piecemeal interventions to systemic reform; and adopting a “whole-of-society” approach. Reforms must be underpinned by a robust evidence base.
Keywords:
Inclusive Growth.; WP; primary care; transfer program; basic education; health outcome; complement teacher training; computer-assisted learning; good health; secondary education; Education; Health; Inclusive Growth; Human capital; Health care; Labor force; Global
Cover Finance & Development
Finances & Développement, juin 2017
International Monetary Fund. External Relations Dept.
Finances & Développement, juin 2017
Keywords:
FD; F&D; millennial; youth unemployment; arm millennial; generation
Cover Finance & Development
Finanzas y Desarrollo, junio de 2017
International Monetary Fund. External Relations Dept.
Finanzas y Desarrollo, junio de 2017
Keywords:
FD; F&D; millennial; youth unemployment; arm millennial; generation
Cover Finance & Development
Finance and Development, June 2017
International Monetary Fund. External Relations Dept.
This paper focuses on millennials who are increasingly looking to find their way in the sharing economy, a phenomenon made possible by the emergence of digital platforms that facilitate the matching of buyer and seller. Jobs in the sharing economy—like driving for Uber or Lyft—help some millennials make ends meet, even if such temporary gigs are a far cry from the fulltime jobs with traditional pension plans and other benefits their parents often enjoyed. This generation also enthusiastically embraces the services of the sharing economy, which provides access to everything from beds to cars to boats without the hassle of ownership. Loath to buy big-ticket items such as cars and houses, millennials have sharply different spending habits from those of preceding generations. Millennials confront obstacles to prosperity that their parents didn’t face. They are better educated than previous generations—but in today’s world, that is not enough to guarantee financial success.
Keywords:
FD; F&D; millennial; youth unemployment; arm millennial; generation; energy subsidy reform; challenges of millennial; immigration policy; Pensions; Health care; Currencies; Emerging and frontier financial markets; Global; Sub-Saharan Africa; Africa; Europe; Eastern Europe; Western Europe; Caribbean
Cover Finance & Development
Finance & Development, December 2014
International Monetary Fund. External Relations Dept.
Finance & Development, December 2014
Keywords:
FD; F&D; tax; spending
Cover Finance & Development
Finance & Development, December 2014
International Monetary Fund. External Relations Dept.
Finance & Development, December 2014
Keywords:
FD; F&D; tax; spending
Cover Finance & Development
Finance & Development, December 2014
International Monetary Fund. External Relations Dept.
Finance & Development, December 2014
Keywords:
FD; F&D; tax; spending
Cover Finance & Development
Finances & Développement, décembre 2014
International Monetary Fund. External Relations Dept.
Keywords:
FD; F&D; tax; spending