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Asia and Pacific > India

You are looking at 1 - 10 of 13 items for :

  • Type: Journal Issue x
  • Nonwage Labor Costs and Benefits; Private Pensions x
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Cover IMF Working Papers
Policy Options for Climate Mitigation: Emissions Trading Schemes in Asia-Pacific
Margaux MacDonald
and
Ian W.H. Parry
Large reductions in global emissions are needed for the world to be on track to meet global temperature goals. Asia-Pacific countries have a critical role in emissions reduction given their large and rising share in global emissions. This paper discusses the main opportunities and behavioral responses for reducing emissions, and commonly used mitigation instruments. It then considers key design issues for carbon pricing, with a focus on emissions trading schemes (ETS), describes measures to overcome the obstacles to carbon pricing, and discusses experiences with carbon pricing relevant for Asia-Pacific economies. Lastly, the paper covers complementary policy reforms, including reinforcing mitigation instruments, public investment, fuel tax reform, green industrial policies, and supporting reforms to the energy sector. Carbon pricing, including ETSs can be the centerpiece of climate mitigation strategies for most countries, particularly if ETSs are designed to mimic some of the administrative and economic attractions of carbon taxes and implemented appropriately.
Keywords:
Emissions trading scheme; climate; Asia; mitigation instrument; climate mitigation strategy; mitigation opportunity; Asia-Pacific country; policy reform; transmission company; Carbon tax; Greenhouse gas emissions; Non-wage benefits; Asia and Pacific; Global
Cover IMF Working Papers
Inflation Indexation in Public Finances: A Global Dataset on Current Practices
Vybhavi Balasundharam
,
Arika Kayastha
, and
Marcos Poplawski Ribeiro
This paper presents a new global dataset on current practices for four budget items in terms of indexation to the price level and other nominal variables. Compiling data from documents of select multilateral organizations, governments, and related literature as well as conducting a survey among IMF country desks of 190 country-members, we show how indexation is internationally applied in (i) personal income tax brackets; (ii) pensions; (iii) social assistance programs; and (iv) public wages. The dataset shows that while indexation policies vary significantly across economies, some trends can be identified. For example, indexation is more common on pension and social grants than on taxes, and falls with the degree of economic development. We further discuss some applications of this new dataset. Those include an accounting exercise illustrating the impacts of indexation on fiscal outcomes during episodes of inflation surprises; and an analysis of the association between the overall degree of indexation combining the four budget items and inflation persistence.
Keywords:
Indexation; Inflation; Fiscal Policy; Fiscal Insititutions; inflation Indexation; indexation policy; price level; IMF country desk; impacts of indexation; indexation practice; Social assistance spending; Pensions; Pension spending; Wages; Africa; Global; Europe; Sub-Saharan Africa; Asia and Pacific
Cover Finance & Development
Finances & Développement, juin 2017
International Monetary Fund. External Relations Dept.
Finances & Développement, juin 2017
Keywords:
FD; F&D; millennial; youth unemployment; arm millennial; generation
Cover Finance & Development
Finanzas y Desarrollo, junio de 2017
International Monetary Fund. External Relations Dept.
Finanzas y Desarrollo, junio de 2017
Keywords:
FD; F&D; millennial; youth unemployment; arm millennial; generation
Cover Finance & Development
Finance and Development, June 2017
International Monetary Fund. External Relations Dept.
This paper focuses on millennials who are increasingly looking to find their way in the sharing economy, a phenomenon made possible by the emergence of digital platforms that facilitate the matching of buyer and seller. Jobs in the sharing economy—like driving for Uber or Lyft—help some millennials make ends meet, even if such temporary gigs are a far cry from the fulltime jobs with traditional pension plans and other benefits their parents often enjoyed. This generation also enthusiastically embraces the services of the sharing economy, which provides access to everything from beds to cars to boats without the hassle of ownership. Loath to buy big-ticket items such as cars and houses, millennials have sharply different spending habits from those of preceding generations. Millennials confront obstacles to prosperity that their parents didn’t face. They are better educated than previous generations—but in today’s world, that is not enough to guarantee financial success.
Keywords:
FD; F&D; millennial; youth unemployment; arm millennial; generation; energy subsidy reform; challenges of millennial; immigration policy; Pensions; Health care; Currencies; Emerging and frontier financial markets; Global; Sub-Saharan Africa; Africa; Europe; Eastern Europe; Western Europe; Caribbean
Cover IMF Research Bulletin
IMF Research Bulletin, September 2008
International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.
IMF research summaries on global population aging and pension reform (by Mario Catalán) and on questions about decoupling (by M. Ayhan Kose); country study on the United States (by Koshy Mathai); listing of visiting scholars at the IMF during June–August 2008; listing of contents of Vol. 55 No. 3 of IMF Staff Papers; listing of recent IMF Working Papers; and a listing of recent external publications by IMF staff.
Keywords:
IRB; pricing IMF liquidity provision; economy; emerging market growth; decoupling debate; policy line; business-cycle fluctuation; Aging; Pension reform; Emerging and frontier financial markets; Business cycles; Pension spending; Global; Middle East; Central America; Africa; Central Asia and the Caucasus
Cover IMF Working Papers
Financial Market Implications of India’s Pension Reform
India's planned pension reform will set up a proper regulatory framework for the pension industry and open up the sector to private fund managers. Drawing on international experiences, the paper highlights pre-conditions for the reform to kick-start financial development, including: (i) the buildup of critical mass; (ii) sufficiently flexible investment guidelines and regulations, including on investments abroad; and (iii) concurrent reforms in capital markets. Given the limited scale of the planned reform, the key challenge for India is to achieve sufficient critical mass early on. Options to address this challenge include granting permission for existing workers to switch to the new system or outsourcing all or part of the reserves of private sector provident funds to the new pension fund managers.
Keywords:
WP; asset; financial market; bond market; market capitalization
Cover Global Financial Stability Report, April 2005
Global Financial Stability Report, April 2005
Market Developments and Issues
International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department

Abstract

The Global Financial Stability Report (GFSR) provides expert and up-to-date analysis of global capital flows that play a critical role in world economic growth and Financial stability. The report focuses on current conditions in global Financial markets, analyzing Financial imbalances and structural issues that could pose risks to stability and sustained market access by emerging market borrowers. Along with the IMF’s semiannual World Economic Outlook, the GFSR is a key vehicle for communicating the IMF’s multilateral surveillance. The GFSR also draws out the Financial ramifcations of economic imbalances highlighted by the WEO, making it an indispensable companion publication.

Keywords:
GFSR; market; investor; yield; bond; market participant; emerging market corporate; investment risk; high-yield market investor base; market development; price movement; Emerging and frontier financial markets; Pensions; Pension spending; Credit; Hedge funds; Global; Europe; Asia and Pacific; Middle East; Africa; risk profile; longevity risk; Corporate governance; Caribbean
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
India: Recent Economic Developments and Selected Issues
International Monetary Fund
India rebounded strongly from its 1991 balance-of-payments crisis, aided by structural reforms and other policy adjustments. The government has sought to reinvigorate the process of structural and fiscal reform. The paper examines trends in interstate differences in rural poverty; reviews India's postal saving system and possible reform issues; describes and evaluates the current system of pensions and provident funds, and discusses reform options. The paper also briefly reviews the structure of and recent developments in the Indian foreign exchange market.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; India; GDP; exchange rate; deposit; U.S. dollar; dollar rate; chapter IX; private sector; reform issue; Commercial banks; Pensions; Public sector; Global; Africa; Asia and Pacific; Western Europe
Cover IMF Working Papers
Pension Reform in India
Mr. Robert Gillingham
and
Mr. Daniel S Kanda
This paper reviews the current state of the pension system in India, as well as plans to reform it. Problems with the current system are identified, and, within this context, the appropriate role of the government in retirement saving is discussed. Finally, the OASIS reform proposal is evaluated and additional reform options are presented.
Keywords:
WP; EPF funds; EPF rate; rate of return stream; rate-of-return guarantee; basis point; Public pensions; personal saving; individual retirement accounts; provident fund; investment strategy; EPF system; fund manager; EPF retirement claim; Pensions; Pension spending; Retirement; Aging; Wages