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Asia and Pacific > India

You are looking at 1 - 5 of 5 items for :

  • Type: Journal Issue x
  • Multinational Firms; International Business x
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Cover IMF Working Papers
Inequality and the Structure of Countries’ External Liabilities
Philipp Harms
,
Mathias Hoffmann
,
Miriam Kohl
, and
Tobias Krahnke
In this paper, we present empirical evidence that higher income inequality is associated with a greater equity share in countries' external liabilities, and we develop a theoretical model that can explain this observation: In a small open economy with traded and nontraded goods, entry barriers depress entrepreneurial activity in nontraded industries and raise income inequality. The small number of domestic nontraded-goods firms leaves room for foreign firms to operate on the domestic market, and it reduces external borrowing. The model suggests that barriers to entrepreneurial activity could be conducive to attract equity-type capital inows. Our empirical results lend some support to this conjecture.
Keywords:
Portfolio Equity; Foreign direct investment; External debt; External liabilities; Income Inequality; entry barrier; equity share; barriers to entrepreneurial activity; traded-goods firm; Income; Portfolio investment; Self-employment; South Asia; East Asia; Foreign corporations
Cover IMF Working Papers
Measuring Carbon Emissions of Foreign Direct Investment in Host Economies
Maria Borga
,
Achille Pegoue
,
Mr. Gregory M Legoff
,
Alberto Sanchez Rodelgo
,
Dmitrii Entaltsev
, and
Kenneth Egesa
This paper presents estimates of the carbon emissions of FDI from capital formation funded by FDI and the production of foreign-controlled firms. The carbon intensity of capital formation financed by FDI has trended down, driven by reductions in the carbon intensity of electricity generation. Carbon emissions from the operations of foreign-controlled firms are greater than those from their capital formation. High emission intensities were accompanied by high export intensities in mining, transport, and manufacturing. Home country policies to incentivize firms to meet strict emissions standards in both their domestic and foreign operations could be important to reducing emissions globally.
Keywords:
Carbon emissions; foreign direct investment; input-output tables; A. carbon emissions; carbon intensity; emission intensity; FDI flow; carbon emission intensities of MNEs; Greenhouse gas emissions; Gross fixed investment; Exports; Manufacturing; Africa; Global
Cover IMF Working Papers
Bank Ownership: Trends and Implications
Robert Cull
,
Mr. Maria Soledad Martinez Peria
, and
Jeanne Verrier
This paper presents recent trends in bank ownership across countries and summarizes the evidence regarding the implications of bank ownership structure for bank performance and competition, financial stability, and access to finance. The evidence reviewed suggests that foreign-owned banks are more efficient than domestic banks in developing countries, promote competition in host banking sectors, and help stabilize credit when host countries face idiosyncratic shocks. But there are tradeoffs, since foreign-owned banks can transmit external shocks and might not always expand access to credit. The record on the impact of government bank ownership suggests few benefits, especially for developing countries.
Keywords:
WP; bank ownership; government-owned bank; bank participation; foreign bank; government bank lending; ownership structure; bank governance; financial globalization; foreign banks; state-owned banks; privatization; government ownership; bank share; government bank participation; Commercial banks; Bank credit; Credit; Competition; Central and Eastern Europe; South Asia; Eastern Europe; Global; Central Asia
Cover IMF Working Papers
India's Financial Globalisation
Ila Patnaik
and
Ajay Shah
India embarked on reintegration with the world economy in the early 1990s. At first, a certain limited opening took place emphasising equity flows by certain kinds of foreign investors. This opening has had myriad interesting implications in terms of both microeconomics and macroeconomics. A dynamic process of change in the economy and in economic policy then came about, with a co-evolution between the system of capital controls, macroeconomic policy, and the internationalisation of firms including the emergence of Indian multinationals.Through this process, de facto openness has risen sharply. De facto openness has implied a loss of monetary policy autonomy when exchange rate pegging was attempted. The exchange rate regime has evolved towards greater flexibility.
Keywords:
WP; India; firm; capital control; capital; financial globalisation; capital controls; capital flows; firm internationalisation; inbound FDI investor; portfolio flow; issues circular; capital controls in India; capital account restriction; reserve bank of India; foreign direct investment regime; private equity; capital mobility; capital account openness; high quality firm; Capital account; Foreign direct investment; Exchange rate arrangements; Stock markets; Global
Cover IMF Working Papers
Domestic Competition Spurs Exports: The Indian Example
Mr. Tushar Poddar
India's exports nearly tripled in the 1990s. Decomposing export growth shows that it has been driven by incumbent firms rather than the entry of new firms. By using a new panel on Indian firms and estimating a dynamic discrete-choice model of the firm's decision to export, we find evidence that economic liberalization has led to greater domestic competition, spurring firm efficiency and increasing Indian firms' competitiveness and ability to export. We show that export growth has been an outcome of local firm innovation which has come about due to increased competitive pressure from FDI entry.
Keywords:
WP; firm characteristic; market share; joint venture; India; FDI; Exports; Competition; export behavior; firms entering; public sector firm; state-industry MNC export; firm ownership; MNC export activity; business house; Export performance; Productivity; Transnational corporations; Foreign direct investment; East Asia