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Asia and Pacific > India

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Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
India: Financial Sector Assessment Program: Insurance Sector Regulation and Supervision-Technical Note
International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
This Technical Note provides an assessment of the recent development of regulation and supervision of the Indian insurance sector. The sector has continued to grow in scale and diversity, surmounting the adverse impact of the global financial crisis, although penetration remains relatively low. Public sector insurers continue to command a majority of the market and life insurance predominates, with about 75 percent of total premiums. Non-life insurance is dominated by motor insurance. Penetration rates are unchanged from 2011 and generally lower than in comparator countries, especially in non-life. Although traditional sale channels continue to predominate, there is increasing diversity in distribution. Risks in life insurance are relatively well spread and in non-life are mainly short-term.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; insurance sector; motor insurance market; IRDAI regulation; public sector insurer; sector governance; risk assessment; life insurer; problem insurer; IRDAI representative; insurance liability; Insurance companies; Insurance; Solvency; Financial Sector Assessment Program; Asia and Pacific; Global
Cover IMF Working Papers
Variance Decomposition Networks: Potential Pitfalls and a Simple Solution
Mr. Jorge A Chan-Lau
Diebold and Yilmaz (2015) recently introduced variance decomposition networks as tools for quantifying and ranking the systemic risk of individual firms. The nature of these networks and their implied rankings depend on the choice decomposition method. The standard choice is the order invariant generalized forecast error variance decomposition of Pesaran and Shin (1998). The shares of the forecast error variation, however, do not add to unity, making difficult to compare risk ratings and risks contributions at two different points in time. As a solution, this paper suggests using the Lanne-Nyberg (2016) decomposition, which shares the order invariance property. To illustrate the differences between both decomposition methods, I analyzed the global financial system during 2001 – 2016. The analysis shows that different decomposition methods yield substantially different systemic risk and vulnerability rankings. This suggests caution is warranted when using rankings and risk contributions for guiding financial regulation and economic policy.
Keywords:
WP; insurance company; life insurance; SHINKONG insurance co Ltd; networks; interconnectedness; systemic risk; regularization techniques; global financial system; variance decomposition; VAR; state bank; partial correlation; BEJNG Co.; SCOR SE; Wells fargo; casualty company Ltd; Erie indemnity Co; Insurance companies; Insurance; Vector autoregression; Commercial banks; Africa; Global; Asia and Pacific
Cover IMF Working Papers
Indian Financial Sector: Structure, Trends and Turns
Rakesh Mohan
and
Partha Ray
This paper traces the story of Indian financial sector over the period 1950–2015. In identifying the trends and turns of Indian financial sector, the paper adopts a three period classification viz., (a) the 1950s and 1960s, which exhibited some elements of instability associated with laissez faire but underdeveloped banking; (b) the 1970s and 1980s that experienced the process of financial development across the country under government auspices, accompanied by a degree of financial repression; and (c) the period since the 1990s till date, that has been characterized by gradual and calibrated financial deepening and liberalization. Focusing more the third period, the paper argues that as a consequence of successive reforms over the past 25 years, there has been significant progress in making interest and exchange rates largely market determined, though the exchange rate regime remains one of managed float, and some interest rates remain administered. Considerable competition has been introduced in the banking sector through new private sector banks, but public sector banks continue have a dominant share in the market. Contractual savings systems have been improved, but pension funds in India are still in their infancy. Similarly, despite the introduction of new private sector insurance companies coverage of insurance can expand much further, which would also provide greater depth to the financial markets. The extent of development along all the segments of the financial market has not been uniform. While the equity market is quite developed, activities in the private debt market are predominantly confined to private placement form and continue to be limited to the bluechip companies. Going forward, the future areas for development in the Indian financial sector would include further reduction of public ownership in banks and insurance companies, expansion of the contractual savings system through more rapid expansion of the insurance and pension systems, greater spread of mutual funds, and development of institutional investors. It is only then that both the equity and debt markets will display greater breadth as well as depth, along with greater domestic liquidity. At the same time, while reforming the financial sector, the Indian authorities had to constantly keep the issues of equity and efficiency in mind.
Keywords:
WP; bank; market; India; bond market; banking sector; Financial Sector Reforms; Banks; Insurance; Pension Funds; Financial Markets; public sector bank; debt market; call money; investible resource; market capitalization; private sector bank; co-operative bank; payments bank; exchange bank; stock futures; call money market; bank ownership structure; Commercial banks; Insurance companies; Stock markets; Public sector; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
India: Financial Sector Assessment Program—Detailed Assessments Report on IAIS Insurance Core Principles
International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
This paper discusses key findings of the assessment of India’s compliance with the International Association of Insurance Supervisors Insurance Core Principles (ICP). Indian Regulatory and Development Authority (IRDA) has so far decided that India is not yet ready for a full transition to cutting-edge international approaches owing to informational and skills shortages and a continuing lack of international consensus. Certain prudential ICPs come under this heading, and IRDA will need to augment its resources in its core supervisory departments if it is to introduce a rigorous corrective action and enforcement regime built on a risk-based approach to the capital and operational management of insurers.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; corporate governance; central government; line of business; risk management; life insurance; life insurer; internal audit; insurance sector; Insurance companies; Insurance; Solvency; Internal audit; Auditing; Global; South Asia; Northern Europe; East Asia
Cover IMF Working Papers
Barriers to Household Risk Management: Evidence from India
Robert M. Townsend
,
Ms. Shawn Cole
,
Mr. Jeremy Tobacman
,
Mr. Xavier Gine
,
Mr. James Ian Vickery
, and
Petia Topalova
Why do many households remain exposed to large exogenous sources of non-systematic income risk? We use a series of randomized field experiments in rural India to test the importance of price and non-price factors in the adoption of an innovative rainfall insurance product. Demand is significantly price sensitive, but widespread take-up would not be achieved even if the product offered a payout ratio comparable to U.S. insurance contracts. We present evidence suggesting that lack of trust, liquidity constraints and limited salience are significant non-price frictions that constrain demand. We suggest contract design improvements to mitigate these frictions.
Keywords:
WP; Gujarat video experiment; product endorsement; financial product; insurance demand; expected return; Gujarat video treatment; payout slope; product diffusion; Insurance; Household Finance; Trust; Liquidity Constraints; Economic Development; Andhra Pradesh sample; Insurance companies; Consumption; Liquidity; Africa
Cover The Economics of Public Health Care Reform in Advanced and Emerging Economies
The Economics of Public Health Care Reform in Advanced and Emerging Economies
Mr. David Coady
,
Mr. Benedict J. Clements
, and
Mr. Sanjeev Gupta

Abstract

Using cross-country analysis and case studies, this book provides new insights and potential policy responses for the key fiscal policy challenges that both advanced and emerging economies will be facing.

Keywords:
BOOK; spending; health system; health outcome; cost; EAP country; health spending; OECD health data; Health care spending; Health care; Insurance; Global; Asia and Pacific; Europe; East Asia; Africa; system efficiency; Caribbean
Cover Officially Supported Export Credits in a Changing World
Officially Supported Export Credits in a Changing World
Mr. Jian-Ye Wang
,
Mr. Yo Kikuchi
,
Mr. Sidhartha Choudhury
, and
Mr. Mario Mansilla

Abstract

This paper assesses the issues of government involvement in international trade finance stemming from the recent changes in global financial markets. This study is based on discussions with representatives of export credit agencies during the period from October 2003 to May 2004. A survey of 27 agencies provided valuable insights. Financial flows facilitated by official export credit agencies are large in comparison with official development assistance and gross lending by international financial institutions to developing countries. However, the importance of officially supported trade finance has been declining relative to the rapid expansion of world trade and total capital flows to developing countries. The study highlights the key challenges facing official export credit agencies, including complementing the private sector, facilitating financing to low-income countries while helping maintain these countries’ debt sustainability, and playing a positive role in the area of trade finance in international efforts to address emerging market financial crises.

Keywords:
WEFS; financing; trade; market; trade finance provider; export credit agency; OECD arrangement; trade finance advantage; export credit business; Export credits; Trade finance; Exports; Credit; Emerging and frontier financial markets; Africa; Global; Central and Eastern Europe; Sub-Saharan Africa; Europe; Insurance; Asia and Pacific
Cover IMF Survey
Calendario
International Monetary Fund. External Relations Dept.
La edición en Internet del Boletín del FMI, que se actualiza varias veces a la semana, contiene numerosos artículos sobre temas de actualidad en el ámbito de las políticas y la economía. Consulte las últimas investigaciones del FMI, lea entrevistas y escuche podcasts de los principales economistas del FMI sobre importantes temas relacionados con la economía mundial. www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/survey/so/home.aspx
Keywords:
SV; special drawing rights; Rodrigo de Rato
Cover IMF Survey
Calendrier
International Monetary Fund. External Relations Dept.
L’édition web du Bulletin du FMI est mise à jour plusieurs fois par semaine et contient de nombreux articles sur des questions de politique générale et de politique économique d'actualité. Accédez aux dernières recherches du FMI, lisez des interviews et écoutez des podcasts proposés par les principaux économistes du FMI sur des questions importantes de l'économie mondiale. www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/survey/so/home.aspx
Keywords:
SV; special drawing rights; Rodrigo de Rato
Cover IMF Survey
IMF Survey, Volume 34, Issue 03
International Monetary Fund. External Relations Dept.
The Web edition of the IMF Survey is updated several times a week, and contains a wealth of articles about topical policy and economic issues in the news. Access the latest IMF research, read interviews, and listen to podcasts given by top IMF economists on important issues in the global economy. www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/survey/so/home.aspx
Keywords:
SV; special drawing rights; Rodrigo de Rato; growth Facility; IMF quota; IMF's executive board; IMF publication service; IMF study; inflation-targeting regime; Insurance; Financial sector development; Financial soundness indicators; Income; Middle East; North Africa; East Africa; Global; East Asia; Africa