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Asia and Pacific > India

You are looking at 1 - 4 of 4 items for :

  • Type: Journal Issue x
  • IMF Policy Discussion Papers x
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Cover IMF Policy Discussion Papers
Tax Administration and the Small Taxpayer
Mr. Parthasarathi Shome
Small taxpayers should pay their appropriate revenue share while their compliance costs should be reduced. This assumes importance as restructuring in emerging markets has meant rapid growth in services through self-employed small entrepreneurs, who have good revenue potential. Administrative facilitators such as a single tax covering income tax, VAT, and social security tax, at a reduced rate, do not lower tax evasion. They increase vertical and horizontal inequity, and lead to adverse resource allocation. A strategy is needed, extending modernization achieved in large taxpayer units (LTUs) to small taxpayers, including rationalization of collection and reporting of revenue data for policy formulation.
Keywords:
PDP; small taxpayer; tax administration; tax evasion; tax structure; administration measure; GDP ratio; Tax policy; tax administration; small taxpayers; large taxpayer units; services sector; tax administration and the small taxpayer; taxpayer base; tax simplification; taxpayer group; tax statute; tax administrator; tax practice; revenue productivity; taxpayer size; taxpayer separation; tax calculation; Income tax systems; Value-added tax; Tax administration core functions; Small and medium enterprises; Social security contributions; Asia and Pacific; Australia and New Zealand; Eastern Europe; North America; Northern Europe
Cover IMF Policy Discussion Papers
Challenges in Expanding Development Assistance
Mr. Peter S. Heller
and
Mr. Sanjeev Gupta
This paper highlights the macro and microeconomic challenges associated with success of the effort to mobilize 0.7 percent of GNP for official development assistance (ODA). To promote achievement of the Millennium Development Goals, enhanced ODA must be as productive as possible. In weighing the distribution of enhanced ODA among countries, the paper emphasizes the need to limit potentially adverse “real transfer effects.” It recommends a multi-pronged approach to ODA that includes, inter alia, in addition to direct bilateral transfers, enhanced use of trust funds and the financing of global public goods.
Keywords:
PDP; recipient country; country partnership; donor country; low income; transition country; ODA; poverty; absorptive capacity; international public goods; country market; distributional criterion; public goods; commitments of the European Union; countries of the world; Personal income; Real exchange rates; Extra-budgetary funds; Global
Cover IMF Policy Discussion Papers
Foreign Direct Investment in China: Some Lessons for Other Countries
Mr. Harm Zebregs
and
Ms. Wanda S Tseng
China's increasing openness to foreign direct investment (FDI) has contributed importantly to its exceptional growth performance. This paper examines China's experience with FDI and identifies some lessons for other countries. Most of the factors explaining China's success have also been important in attracting FDI to other countries: market size, labor costs, quality of infrastructure, and government policies. FDI has contributed to higher investment and productivity growth, and has created jobs and a dynamic export sector. China's success, however, did not come without some pitfalls: an increasingly complex tax incentive system and growing regional income disparities. Accession to the WTO should broaden China's "opening up" policies and continue FDI's contributions to China's economy in the future.
Keywords:
PDP; FDI inflow; FDI flow; FDI regime; FDI policy; further FDI liberalization; China; Foreign Direct Investment; FDI pattern; implementing rule; Income tax systems; Tax incentives; Infrastructure; Legal support in revenue administration; Europe
Cover IMF Policy Discussion Papers
Globalization Facts and Figures
Mr. Paul R Masson
Globalization has become the focus for a wide range of protests against various features of the world economy. This paper aims to give a concise summary of the economic dimensions of globalization, while leaving to one side other aspects—such as cultural, environmental, or political ones—that are beyond the scope of the IMF. Periods of increased globalization have tended to be associated with technological innovations that reduce transportation and communications costs and with generally rising standards of living. Moreover, countries that have embraced openness to the rest of the world have done better than those that have not. Nevertheless, globalization may also be associated with increased inequality and volatility, which may justify strengthening domestic safety nets and financial supervision and regulation, and enhancing international economic policy coordination. The IMF helps to ensure economic gains from globalization by encouraging trade liberalization, reducing countries’ vulnerability to crises, lending to them when they are in difficulty, and assisting them in putting in place structural reforms that help reduce poverty.
Keywords:
PDP; financial crisis; financial market; per capita income; developing country; globalization fact; Globalization; integration; trade; fuelling globalization; gold standard; financial market volatility; transportation cost; Income inequality; Personal income; Public expenditure review; Global