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Europe > Ireland

You are looking at 1 - 2 of 2 items for :

  • Type: Journal Issue x
  • Measurement and Data on National Income and Product Accounts and Wealth; Environmental Accounts x
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Cover IMF Working Papers
Accounting for Cloud Computing in the National Accounts
Mr. Andrew Baer
,
Mr. Kwangwon Lee
, and
James Tebrake
Digitalization and the innovative use of digital technologies is changing the way we work, learn, communicate, buy and sell products. One emerging digital technology of growing importance is cloud computing. More and more businesses, governments and households are purchasing hardware and software services from a small number of large cloud computing providers. This change is having an impact on how macroeconomic data are compiled and how they are interpreted by users. Specifically, this is changing the information and communication technology (ICT) investment pattern from one where ICT investment was diversified across many industries to a more concentrated investment pattern. Additionally, this is having an impact on cross-border flows of commercial services since the cloud service provider does not need to be located in the same economic territory as the purchaser of cloud services. This paper will outline some of the methodological and compilation challenges facing statisticians and analysts, provide some tools that can be used to overcome these challenges and highlight some of the implications these changes are having on the way users of national accounts data look at investment and trade in commercial services.
Keywords:
WP; cloud computing service; cloud service; IT service; cloud computing firm; Cloud storage service; computer processing firm; computer services export; delivery model; sector use cloud computing service; software service; use cloud computing service; cloud computing; information and communication technology; national accounts; data center; f irst company; service delivery model; cloud data storage service; cloud services from the IT services firm; cloud computing provider; Imports; Service exports; Information technology in revenue administration; Employee contributions; Global
Cover IMF Working Papers
The Driving Force behind the Boom and Bust in Construction in Europe
Ms. Yan M Sun
,
Ms. Pritha Mitra
, and
Mr. Alejandro Simone
This paper studies the factors behind pro-cyclical but widely varying construction shares (as a percent of GDP) across countries, with a strong focus on European countries. Using a dataset covering 48 countries (including advanced and emerging economies within and outside Europe) for 1990-2011, we find that country’s geography, demographics, and economic conditions are the key determinants of a norm around which actual construction shares revolve in a simple AR(1) and error-correction process. The empirical results show that in many European countries, construction shares overshoot relative to their norms before the recent global crisis, but they have fallen significantly since the crisis. Nevertheless, there is still room for further adjustment in construction shares in some countries which may weigh on economic recovery.
Keywords:
WP; construction share; Construction; Business Cycle; Error-correction; European Growth; share of construction; significance level; norm vis-a-vis; adjustment dynamics of construction share; share norm equation; estimated construction share norm; construction share norm; medium-term norm; norm equation; adjustment in construction share; increase in construction share; Stock markets; Capital spending; Housing; Income; Europe