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Western Hemisphere > Dominica

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Cover Policy Papers
Building Resilience in Developing Countries Vulnerable to Large Natural Disasters
International Monetary Fund. Strategy, Policy, &amp
,
Review Department
,
International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.
, and
International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept
This paper discusses how countries vulnerable to natural disasters can reduce the associated human and economic cost. Building on earlier work by IMF staff, the paper views disaster risk management through the lens of a three-pillar strategy for building structural, financial, and post-disaster (including social) resilience. A coherent disaster resilience strategy, based on a diagnostic of risks and cost-effective responses, can provide a road map for how to tackle disaster related vulnerabilities. It can also help mobilize much-needed support from the international community.
Keywords:
PP; country; country effort; lending toolkit; executive board assessment; disaster-vulnerable country; donor country; climate funds; Natural disasters; Insurance; Disaster aid; Climate change; Fiscal space; Caribbean; Pacific Islands
Cover Policy Papers
2018 Review of Facilities for Low-Income Countries
International Monetary Fund. Strategy, Policy, &amp
,
Review Department
, and
International Monetary Fund. Finance Dept.
The Fund is facing strong demand for financing from low-income countries (LICs). Commodity price shocks and loose fiscal policies have contributed to rising debt levels and financing needs in many countries. Several developing states, especially smaller ones, are also increasingly vulnerable to large natural disasters. At the same time, many LICs less dependent on commodity exports have enjoyed robust growth in recent years, with more contained vulnerabilities.
Keywords:
PP; financing; Fund; lending; LIC facilities; financing needs; ECF arrangement; needs of LIC; Lic facilities toolkit; access limit; Natural disasters; Balance of payments need; Debt relief; Poverty reduction strategy; Credit; Global
Cover Policy Papers
Program Design in Currency Unions
International Monetary Fund. Strategy, Policy, &amp
,
Review Department
,
International Monetary Fund. Legal Dept.
,
International Monetary Fund. Finance Dept.
, and
International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
Despite a long history of program engagement, the Fund has not developed guidance on program design in members of currency unions. The Fund has engaged with members of the four currency unions—the Central African Economic and Monetary Community, the Eastern Caribbean Currency Union, the European Monetary Union, and the West African Economic and Monetary Union—under Fund-supported programs. In some cases, union-wide institutions supported their members in undertaking adjustment under Fund-supported programs. As such, several programs incorporated—on an ad hoc basis—critical policy actions that union members had delegated. Providing general guidance on program design for members in a currency union context would fill a gap in Fund policy and help ensure consistent, transparent, and evenhanded treatment across Fund-supported programs. This paper considers two options on when and how the Fund should seek policy assurances from union-level institutions in programs of currency union members. Option 1 would involve amending the Conditionality Guidelines, which would allow the use of standard conditionality tools with respect to actions by union-level institutions. Option 2—which staff prefers—proposes formalizing current practices and providing general guidance regarding principles and modalities on policy assurances from union-level institutions in support of members’ adjustment programs. Neither option would infringe upon the independence (or legally-provided autonomy) of union-level institutions, since the institutions would decide what measures or policy actions to take—just as any independent central bank or monetary authority does, for example, in non-CU members.
Keywords:
PP; monetary policy; euro; policy; director; BCEAO; Fund; ECB financing; policy assurance; ECB policy measure; management team; institutions play; Monetary unions; Balance of payments need; Liquidity; Commercial banks; Balance of payments deficits; West Africa; Europe; Global; Caribbean
Cover Policy Papers
Small States Resilience to Natural Disasters and Climate Change - Role for the IMF
International Monetary Fund
Small developing states are disproportionately vulnerable to natural disasters. On average, the annual cost of disasters for small states is nearly 2 percent of GDP—more than four times that for larger countries. This reflects a higher frequency of disasters, adjusted for land area, as well as greater vulnerability to severe disasters. About 9 percent of disasters in small states involve damage of more than 30 percent of GDP, compared to less than 1 percent for larger states. Greater exposure to disasters has important macroeconomic effects on small states, resulting in lower investment, lower GDP per capita, higher poverty, and a more volatile revenue base.
Keywords:
PP; climate change financing; contingent financing arrangement; disaster risk financing tool kit; financing needs; Fund emergency financing; low income; Fund financing; balance of payments; disaster financing approach; debt management; central bank; B. risk financing toolkit; Natural disasters; Climate change; Climate finance; Disaster aid; Insurance; Global; Pacific Islands; Caribbean; Sub-Saharan Africa
Cover Policy Papers
Technical Assistance Evaluation Program - Findings of Evaluations and Updated Program - Second Mid-Term Review of the Caribbean Regional Technical Assistance Centre
International Monetary Fund
CARTAC, the second of the regional technical assistance centers, was created with singular emphasis on ownership of technical assistance by the beneficiary countries. To this end, it was structured as a UNDP project with the IMF as Executing Agency and with a Steering Committee empowered to give strategic guidance to the program and select its senior staff from short lists provided by the IMF. With the spread of the RTAC modality, the IMF has sought to bring the Centers' activities within the ambit of overall resource planning for technical assistance, ensure consistency with the institution's view on priorities for technical assistance in the countries concerned, and tighten quality control through backstopping. This has created the potential for conflict with the relative independence that CARTAC has enjoyed from its inception. The conclusion in this report, however, is that alignment with the IMF does not necessarily undermine country ownership and that the Steering Committee can play a pivotal role in defusing any tension that may arise.
Keywords:
PP; steering committee; CARTAC program; CARTAC activity; work plan; CARTAC advisers activity analysis; governance practice; cash management; on-the-job training; reform program; budget management CARTAC; Value-added tax; Budget planning and preparation; Caribbean; Middle East; East Africa
Cover Policy Papers
Technical Assistance Evaluation Program - Findings of Evaluations and Updated Program - Mid-Term Evaluation of Middle East Regional Technical Assistance Center
International Monetary Fund
CARTAC, the second of the regional technical assistance centers, was created with singular emphasis on ownership of technical assistance by the beneficiary countries. To this end, it was structured as a UNDP project with the IMF as Executing Agency and with a Steering Committee empowered to give strategic guidance to the program and select its senior staff from short lists provided by the IMF. With the spread of the RTAC modality, the IMF has sought to bring the Centers' activities within the ambit of overall resource planning for technical assistance, ensure consistency with the institution's view on priorities for technical assistance in the countries concerned, and tighten quality control through backstopping. This has created the potential for conflict with the relative independence that CARTAC has enjoyed from its inception. The conclusion in this report, however, is that alignment with the IMF does not necessarily undermine country ownership and that the Steering Committee can play a pivotal role in defusing any tension that may arise.
Keywords:
PP; steering committee; CARTAC program; work plan; CARTAC activity; governance practice; reform program; budget management CARTAC; CARTAC intervention; on-the-job training; CARTAC's work; CARTAC consultant; CARTAC PC; Value-added tax; Budget planning and preparation; Caribbean; Middle East; East Africa
Cover Policy Papers
Making the Misreporting Policies Less Onerous in De Minimis Cases
International Monetary Fund
The Managing Director's Medium-Term Strategy referred to complex misreporting procedures for even trivial forms of misreporting and called for streamlining. This paper presents a proposal to reduce the burden of the Fund’s misreporting policies in cases involving de minimis deviations from program conditions. The proposal is to consider deviations from a performance criterion or other condition to be de minimis where they are so small as to be trivial with no impact on the assessment of program performance.
Keywords:
PP; fund; fund policy; yes; publication policy; Dem. Rep. PRGF; PSI review; PSI decision; breach of Article VIII; Fund arrangement; waiver of nonobservance; Arrears; Fiscal stance; Africa
Cover Policy Papers
Midterm Review of the Caribbean Regional Technical Assistance Centre (CARTAC)
International Monetary Fund
The mid-term review was undertaken to help funding and implementing agencies foster a greater level of understanding of the Caribbean Regional Technical Assistance Center's (CARTAC) work. It ascertains activities to date and should help the Steering Committee determine optimal strategies for the Center’s continuation.
Keywords:
PP; long-term advisor; training session; core area; Cartac's activity; line item; CARTAC office; CARTAC project; CARTAC intervention; participating country; CARTAC activity; Administration in revenue administration; Budget planning and preparation; Caribbean