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Europe > Switzerland

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Cover Policy Papers
Review of The Fund’s Capacity Development Strategy—Background Papers
International Monetary Fund. Institute for Capacity Development
This supplement includes five background papers and provides background information on various aspects of capacity development (CD) for the main Board paper, Review of the Fund’s Capacity Development Strategy—Towards a More Flexible, Integrated, and Tailored Model. It is divided into five sections, each consisting of a different background paper. The five sections cover (1) CD Delivery Modalities; (2) Evaluation and Impact; (3) Regional Capacity Development Centers and Field Presence; (4) HR Policies; and (5) Mapping the Fund’s Position vis-à-vis Other CD Providers.
Keywords:
Capacity Development; Technical Assistance; Training; Institution; Priorities; Evaluation; Impact; Field Presence; Regional Capacity Development Training Center; CD Strategy Review; CD department; CD provider; delivery modality; CD staffing model; RCDC CD Delivery; Anti-money laundering and combating the financing of terrorism (AML/CFT); Comparative advantage; Training and development in revenue administration; Global; South America; Asia and Pacific; Sub-Saharan Africa; Maghreb
Cover IMF Working Papers
Digital Tokens: A Legal Perspective
Mr. José M. Garrido
Tokens are units digitally represented in a distributed ledger or blockchain. The various uses of this technology have the potential to transform a wide array of economic activities, from traditional commercial transactions to sophisticated financial undertakings. This paper explores the similarities and differences of tokens with traditional legal instruments in commercial law and how tokens could offer superior solutions, provided that proper legal foundations are established for their operation, including aspects of the law of securities and consumer protection law.
Keywords:
Tokens; Commercial Law; Securities Law; Fintech; Consumer Protection; token taxonomy; non-fungible token; del Mercado de Valores; digital signature; token offering; aspects of the law of securities; Securities; Blockchain and DLT; Smart contracts; Virtual currencies; Securities regulation; Global
Cover Departmental Papers
Strengthening Bank Regulation and Supervision: National Progress and Gaps
Ljubica Dordevic
,
Caio Ferreira
,
Moses Kitonga
, and
Katharine Seal
The paper employs two complementary strategies. First, it is pursues textual analysis (text mining) of the assessment reports to identify successes and challenges the authorities are facing. Second, it analyzes the grades in the Basel Core Principles assessments, including their evolution and association with bank fragility.
Keywords:
Bank Supervision; Bank Regulation; Basel Accords; Basel Core Principles; Global Financial Crisis; Prudential Requirements; credit risk; liquidity standard; bank capital adequacy; Basel III capital; liquidity risk; liquidity shock; risk assessment; liquidity reserve; liquidity reform; capital conservation buffer; liquidity strain; COVID-19; Corporate governance; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Switzerland: Financial Sector Assessment Program; Technical Note-Insurance Regulation and Supervision
International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
Financial Sector Assessment Program; Technical Note-Insurance Regulation and Supervision
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; financial market; FINMA ordinance; insurance sector; resolution procedure FINMA; FINMA coordination agreement; FINMA group supervision; FINMA staff; institutions FINMA supervise; insurance intermediary; board of directors; market value; Insurance companies; Insurance; Insurance supervision; Solvency; Legal support in revenue administration; Europe; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Switzerland: Detailed Assessment of Observance-Insurance Core Principles
International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
This Detailed Assessment of Observance on the Insurance Core Principles on Switzerland analyzes that the insurance industry in Switzerland is well developed having among the highest insurance penetration and expenditure per capita in the world. The sector is dominated by a few players writing significant international business. The life sector is dominated by two players, responsible for 54 percent of the business and the top 10 life insurers account for 97 percent of the market. The industry has weathered the 2008 crisis well; however, the current low interest rate environment is affecting the sector. The lack of availability of Swiss government bonds to match long term liabilities of life insurers and pension funds could be a source of vulnerability. The long-term nature of the liabilities of life insurers and pension funds could in principle be matched by investment in Swiss government securities. Supervision focuses on ensuring sufficiency of liquid assets to meet policy liabilities. Policyholders have priority claims over the tied assets. In addition, robust solvency requirements ensure there is enough capital to safeguard the insurers’ financial soundness under adverse conditions.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; financial market; risk management; parent company; insurance group; board of directors; business plan; investment strategy; balance sheet; insurance coverage; Insurance companies; Insurance; Solvency; Financial statements; Insurance supervision; Global; Europe
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Kingdom of the Netherlands-Netherlands: Publication of Financial Sector Assessment Program Documentation: Technical Note on Financial Sector Supervision: The Twin Peaks Model
International Monetary Fund
The global financial crisis has tested the effectiveness of supervision under the “Twin Peaks” model. The crisis revealed the strengths of the “Twin International Peaks” model, as decisions were able to be made in a timely manner to contain the crisis, and clear divisions of powers and responsibilities were instrumental in ensuring effective coordination between key agencies. However, the crisis also exposed certain areas where improvements could strengthen the “Twin Peaks” framework. Intensive and well-focused efforts are being made to strengthen the supervisory framework.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; bank; AFM coordination; DNB; financial product; AFM; prudential supervision; DNB's role; conduct-of-business supervision; rule-making authority; credibility of DNB; DNB's market; Financial sector stability; Systemic risk; Insurance companies; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Switzerland: Financial Sector Assessment Program: Factual Update: Insurance Sector Market and Regulatory Developments
International Monetary Fund
This paper presents a factual update of the Insurance Core Principles including insurance sector market and regulatory developments for Switzerland. Regulatory reforms since 2003 have updated Switzerland’s regulatory and supervisory regime for the insurance industry to bring it in line with international best practices. The Insurance Supervision Law (ISL) has reoriented the regulatory focus and expanded the regulatory scope to include group/conglomerate supervision, corporate governance, risk management, and market conduct of insurance intermediaries. The ISL also provides for a range of corrective and preventive regulatory measures.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; insurer; FOPI-SO; insurance coverage; insurers-risk management; life insurer; intermediaries vis-à-vis; occupational pension insurance ear; insurers-corporate governance practice; a number of insurer; FOPI-s supervision philosophy; insurance cooperative; monopolisticcantonal insurer; supervision philosophy; licensing insurer; earthquake insurance; Insurance companies; Insurance; Anti-money laundering and combating the financing of terrorism (AML/CFT); Solvency; Financial Sector Assessment Program; Global; market conduct of insurance intermediary; conglomerate supervision; financial market policy; solvency regime; insurance market; Insurance Core Principles; Insurance supervision
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Switzerland: Financial Sector Assessment Program: Technical Note: An Assessment of Insurance Core Principles for the Reinsurance Industry
International Monetary Fund
This technical note discusses key findings of the assessment of Insurance Core Principles (ICP) for the reinsurance industry for Switzerland. It reveals that the Swiss reinsurance market is dominated by three large players with a strong international presence. The reinsurance industry comprises 20 professional reinsurers and 50 reinsurance captives with gross premiums written totaling SwF 37.4 billion for 2005. Swiss Re, European Re, and Converium have consistently maintained more than 75 percent market share. More than 95 percent of reinsurance premiums came from foreign business.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; conglomerate supervision; FOPI official; FOPI staff; supervisory authority; risk management; FOPI's power; corporate governance; insurance group; Insurance companies; Insurance; Corporate governance; Solvency; Insurance supervision; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Spain: Financial Sector Assessment Program: Technical Note: Supervision of Insurance: Alternative Models for an Independent Agency
International Monetary Fund
This report is the summary of a technical note on Supervision of Insurance of Spain and Alternative Models for an Independent Agency. It reviews the organizational alternatives for insurance supervision and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of alternative institutional arrangements. It presents various alternatives for an independent insurance supervisory agency for Spain.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; agency; securities; securities supervision; financial markets authority; central bank; insurance supervision; prudential supervision; supervision of insurance; supervisory agency; Insurance supervision; Insurance; Western Europe
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Switzerland: Financial System Stability Assessment, including Reports on the Observance of Standards and Codes on the following topics: Banking Supervision, Securities Regulation, Insurance Regulation, Payment Systems, and Monetary and Financial Policy Transparency
International Monetary Fund
This paper presents key findings of Switzerland’s Financial System Stability Assessment, including Reports on the Observance of Standards and Codes on Banking Supervision, Securities Regulation, Insurance Regulation, Payment Systems, and Monetary and Financial Policy Transparency. Overall, financial institutions in Switzerland are well capitalized, but the risks of the current environment should not be underestimated. The large internationally active banks have suffered from the recent asset market volatility and the global economic slowdown. The domestically oriented banks are well capitalized, but their lower level of underlying profitability makes them sensitive to the economic cycle.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; interest rate; private banking; cantonal bank; Raiffeisen bank; headline inflation; liquidity position; market share; financial system; monetary policy; central bank; investment fund; Insurance; Insurance companies; Pension spending; Global