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Europe > Switzerland

You are looking at 1 - 10 of 20 items for :

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Cover IMF Working Papers
Central Banks Casting a Global Financial Safety Net: What Drives the Supply of Bilateral Swaps?
Jakree Koosakul
and
Alexei Miksjuk
The expansion of bilateral swap arrangements (BSAs) since the Global Financial Crisis has led to a substantial reconfiguration of the Global Financial Safety Net (GFSN). This paper examines the drivers of BSA supply using a novel dataset on all publicly documented BSAs. It finds that countries with well-developed financial markets and institutions and high trade openness are more likely to backstop other economies by establishing BSAs. In addition, their choice of BSA counterparts is driven by strong investment and trade exposures to these countries, with variation in the relative importance of these factors across major BSA providers. The paper shows that geopolitical considerations often affect such decisions, as BSAs are less likely to be established between geopolitically distant countries and more likely between countries in the same regional economic bloc.
Keywords:
Bilateral swap arrangements; geoeconomic fragmentation; global financial safety net; liquidity provision; BSA supply; BSA source country; GFSN evolution; BSA counterpart; Liquidity; Financial sector development; Financial safety nets; International reserves; Global financial crisis of 2008-2009; Global
Cover IMF Working Papers
International Capital Flow Pressures
Ms. Linda S. Goldberg
and
Signe Krogstrup
This paper presents a new measure of capital flow pressures in the form of a recast Exchange Market Pressure index. The measure captures pressures that materialize in actual international capital flows as well as pressures that result in exchange rate adjustments. The formulation is theory-based, relying on balance of payments equilibrium conditions and international asset portfolio considerations. Based on the modified exchange market pressure index, the paper also proposes the Global Risk Response Index, which reflects the country-specific sensitivity of capital flow pressures to measures of global risk aversion. For a large sample of countries over time, we demonstrate time variation in the effects of global risk on exchange market pressures, the evolving importance of the global factor across types of countries, and the changing risk-on or risk-off status of currencies.
Keywords:
WP; exchange rate; base currency; net capital; Exchange Market Pressure; Risk aversion; Safe haven; Capital flows; Foreign Exchange Reserves; flow pressure; capital flow pressure; outflow pressure; exchange rate elasticity; exchange rate data; reserves change; capital flow data; appreciation pressure; currency experiences appreciation pressure; capital outflow pressure; flow data; Home exchange rate depreciation; Currencies; Exchange rates; International reserves; Currency markets; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Austria: 2013 Article IV Consultation
International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
This paper presents details of Austria’s 2013 Article IV Consultation. Austria has been growing economically but is facing challenges in the financial sector. Full implementation of medium-term fiscal adjustment plans require specifying several measures and plans that need gradual strengthening to take expected further bank restructuring cost into account. It suggests that strong early bank intervention and resolution tools, a better designed deposit insurance system, and a bank-financed resolution fund would help reduce the need for budgetary support to any troubled banks in the future.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; solid windowtext 0.1pt; windowtext 0.1pt; asset; Q1; asset quality; bank asset quality; participation capital; consultation discussion; labor market condition; Bank resolution; Bank resolution framework; Global; Europe; Eastern Europe; Central and Eastern Europe; Middle East; Western Hemisphere; Sub-Saharan Africa
Cover IMF Working Papers
Survey of Reserve Managers: Lessons from the Crisis
Aideen Morahan
and
Mr. Christian B. Mulder
This paper reports in detail on a survey that was circulated to reserve managing central banks of IMF member countries in April 2012. The survey aims to gain further insight into how reserve managers have reacted to the crisis to date. The survey also aims to understand how reserve managers arrive at their strategic asset allocation and how they operate their risk management frameworks in practice. Some of the key themes that emerge from the survey include potential procyclical and counter cyclical behavior by reserve managers, increased focus placed on returns and wide variability across countries in how the currency composition of reserves is derived.
Keywords:
WP; reserve manager; central bank; lower income country; yield; International Reserves; Foreign Currency Reserves; Official Reserves; currency composition; excess reserves; flight to quality; mechanisms well; currency risk; reallocation strategy; Currencies; Credit risk; Credit ratings; Reserves management; Global
Cover Users' Guide to the SDR
Users' Guide to the SDR
A Manual of Transactions and Operations in Special Drawing Rights
International Monetary Fund

Abstract

This guide explains to participants in the Special Drawing Rights Department and prescribed holders of SDRs the transactions and operations permitted under the IMF's Articles of Agreement and applicable decisions of the Executive Board.

Keywords:
M&G; SDR; fund; amount; currency; SDR Department; SDR account; overdue charge; participants' SDR account; fund member; charges to the fund; Currencies; Freely usable currencies; Exchange rates; SDR interest rate; Loans; Global; West Africa; Reserve assets
Cover Selected Decisions, 18th Edition (1993)
Selected Decisions, 18th Edition (1993)
International Monetary Fund

Abstract

This paper reports several IMF’s selected decisions of the Executive Board and selected documents. The Executive Board approves the draft “Guidelines for Determining the Amount of Reserve Assets to Be Paid in Connection with Subscriptions” set forth. These guidelines shall be considered by a Committee of the Executive Board established to consider an application for membership in the IMF or to consider a request for an increase in quota that is made outside the framework of a general review of quotas. A reasonable approximation of the amount of the subscription that has been paid in reserve assets in the past is the average of all reserve assets actually paid in terms of the quotas of all members, rather than the proportions paid in the past by individual members. In determining the amount of the reserve asset payment, account should also be taken of the effect the size of such payment would have on the remuneration that might be payable to the new member.

Keywords:
SELD; allocations of special drawing rights; decision No. 1238; capital transfer; Japanese yen; SDR equivalent; abrogation of rule; Currencies; Personal income; Multiple currency practices; Loans; Credit; Global; Africa; Caribbean; West Africa; Reserve assets
Cover The Structure and Operation of the World Gold Market
The Structure and Operation of the World Gold Market
Mr. M. G O'Callaghan

Abstract

This paper describes the structure of the world gold market, its sources of supply and demand, and how it functions. The paper examines the composition and origin of physical stocks of gold, their flows, and their market destination and also reviews the operation of bullion and paper gold markets.

Keywords:
OP; market; price; market participant; futures contract; world gold market; exchange trading; gold price; market placement; Gold; Commodity markets; Futures; Gold reserves; Options; Middle East; North America; Northern Europe; Africa; Europe; New York market; Caribbean
Cover IMF Working Papers
The Structure and Operation of the World Gold Market
Mr. M. G O'Callaghan
This paper describes the structure of the world gold market, its sources of supply and demand, and how it functions. The market has three principal functions in three major locations: the New York futures market speculates on spot prices, which are largely determined in London, whereas physical gold is in large part shipped through Zurich. The market is dominated by large suppliers and gold holders, including monetary authorities. Some unique characteristics of the gold market ensure confidentiality, and as a result, there are gaps in existing knowledge and data. The paper identifies and attempts to fill these gaps.
Keywords:
WP; gold market; options contract; spot price; paper gold; clearing house; strike price; bullion market; market participant; Gold; Commodity markets; Gold prices; Options; Gold reserves; North America; Middle East; Northern Europe; Europe; Africa
Cover Selected Decisions, 16th Edition
Selected Decisions, 16th Edition
International Monetary Fund

Abstract

This Volume contains decisions, interpretations, and resolutions of the Executive Board and the Board of Governors of the IMF, as well as selected documents relating to current activities of the Fund.

Keywords:
SELD; United Nations General Assembly 377; allocations of special drawing rights; Japanese yen; No. 6-8; decision No. 1238; Currencies; Multiple currency practices; Loans; Credit; Imports; Global; Africa; Caribbean; West Africa; Reserve assets
Cover Selected Decisions, 15th Edition
Selected Decisions, 15th Edition
International Monetary Fund

Abstract

This paper presents several IMF’s selected decisions of the Executive Board and selected documents. The Executive Board approves the draft Guidelines for Determining the Amount of Reserve Assets to Be Paid in Connection with Subscriptions set forth. These guidelines shall be considered by a Committee of the Executive Board established to consider an application for membership in the IMF or to consider a request for an increase in quota that is made outside the framework of a general review of quotas. The amount of the subscription to be paid in reserve assets shall be determined in the light of all the payments of reserve assets made by existing members and the country's external reserve position at the time of membership. Considering the asset payments made by all members in connection with the Sixth General Review of Quotas and adding them to the sum of asset payments taken as the equivalent of 25 per cent of total quotas as of the date of the Second Amendment, the reserve asset payments made by all members average 20 per cent of present quotas.

Keywords:
SELD; Japanese yen; allocations of special drawing rights; capital transfer; decision No. 1238; SDR equivalent; Currencies; Multiple currency practices; Loans; Credit; Personal income; Global; Caribbean; West Africa; Reserve assets