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Europe > Switzerland

You are looking at 1 - 10 of 19 items for :

  • Type: Journal Issue x
  • Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure; Value of Firms; Goodwill x
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Cover IMF Working Papers
Firm Leverage and Boom-Bust Cycles
Can Sever
This paper explores the dynamic relationship between firm debt and real outcomes using data from 24 European economies over the period of 2000-2018. Based on macro data, it shows that a rise in credit to firms is associated with an increase in employment growth in the short-term, but employment growth declines in the medium-term. This pattern remains similar, even when the changes in credit to households are accounted for. Next, using data from a large sample of firms, it shows that firm leverage buildups predict similar boom-bust growth cycles in firm employment: Firms with a larger increase in leverage experience a boost in employment growth in the short-term, but employment growth decreases in the medium-term. Relatedly, the volatility of employment growth increases in the aftermath of firm leverage buildups. Finally, this paper provides suggestive evidence on the role of a financial channel in the relationship between firm leverage buildups and employment growth. The results show that a rise in firm leverage is associated with a persistently higher debt service ratio, pointing the drag on finances. Consistently, boom-bust growth cycles in the aftermath of firm leverage buildups are not limited to employment growth, but are also pronounced for investment. Moreover, the medium-term decline in firm employment growth as predicted by leverage buildups becomes even larger if aggregate financial conditions tighten. The findings are in favor of “lean against the wind” approach in policy making.
Keywords:
Firm leverage; firm debt; household debt; leverage cycles; employment; investment; boom-bust cycles; ORBIS; leverage buildup; employment growth; leverage cycle; growth cycle; cycles in the aftermath; Business cycles; Credit; Consumer credit; Credit booms; Europe; Global
Cover IMF Working Papers
Calibrating Macroprudential Policies in Europe Amid Rising Housing Market Vulnerability
Ms. Laura Valderrama
Housing market developments are in the spotlight in Europe. Over-stretched valuations amid tightening financial conditions and a cost-of-living crisis have increased risks of a sustained downturn and exposed challenging trade-offs for macroprudential policy between ensuring financial system resilience and smoothing the macro-financial cycle. Against this backdrop, this paper provides detailed considerations regarding how to (re)set macroprudential policy tools in response to housing-related systemic risk in Europe, providing design solutions to avoid unintended consequences during a tightening phase, and navigating the trade-offs between managing the build-up of vulnerabilities and the macro-financial cycle in a downturn. It also proposes a novel framework to measure the effectiveness of tools and avoid overlaps by quantifying the risks addressed by different macroprudential instruments. Finally, it introduces a taxonomy allowing to assess a country’s macroprudential stance and whether adjustments to current policy settings are warranted—such as the relaxation of capital-based tools and possibly some borrower-based measures in the event of a more severe downturn.
Keywords:
Housing markets; household vulnerability; income distribution; economic cycle; financial stability; macroprudential policy.; Macroprudential policy; housing market vulnerability; Policy tool; calibrating Macroprudential policies in Europe amide; Macroprudential Policy stance framework; Countercyclical capital buffers; Mortgages; Housing prices; Credit; Europe; Global
Cover International Monetary Fund Annual Report 2021 Financial Statements
International Monetary Fund Annual Report 2021 Financial Statements
International Monetary Fund. Secretary's Department

Abstract

The audited financial statements that follow form Appendix VI of the International Monetary Fund's Annual Report 2021 and can be found, together with Appendixes I through V and other materials, on the Annual Report 2021 web page (www.imf.org/AR2021). They have been reproduced separately here as a convenience for readers. Quarterly updates of the IMF's Finances are available at www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/quart/index.htm.

Keywords:
fair value; unit of account; audit evidence; SDR basket currency; SDR position; fixed income; Financial statements; Credit risk; Income; Credit; Loans; Africa; Global; Middle East and Central Asia; Asia and Pacific; Western Hemisphere; Europe
Cover International Monetary Fund Annual Report 2020 Financial Statements
International Monetary Fund Annual Report 2020 Financial Statements
International Monetary Fund. Secretary's Department

Abstract

The audited consolidated financial statements of the International Monetary Fund as of April 30, 2020 and 2019

Keywords:
exchange rate risk; audit evidence; fair value; SDR position; reserve account; net income; SDR basket currency; net cash; fixed income; Financial statements; Currencies; Credit risk; Credit; Loans; Global; Africa; Middle East and Central Asia; Western Hemisphere; Asia and Pacific
Cover International Monetary Fund Annual Report 2019 Financial Statements
International Monetary Fund Annual Report 2019 Financial Statements
International Monetary Fund

Abstract

The audited consolidated financial statements of the International Monetary Fund as of April 30, 2019 and 2018

Keywords:
AR; AREA; financial statement; International Monetary Fund; interest rate; financial instrument; fair value; fixed income; financial year; credit risk; exchange rate risk; Financial statements; Currencies; Personal income; Credit; Global; Africa; Middle East; Middle East and Central Asia; Asia and Pacific; Western Hemisphere; reserve account; pound sterling; People's Bank of China Administered Account; audit evidence
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Switzerland: Financial Sector Assessment Program; Technical Note-Regulation and Supervision of Asset Management Activities
International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
Financial Sector Assessment Program; Technical Note-Regulation and Supervision of Asset Management Activities
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; Empower FINMA; fund; equity fund; fund industry; asset; IT system; alternative investment; FINMA approval; approval process; management company; fund share; Asset management; Collateral; Mutual funds; Liquidity risk; Securities; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Switzerland: Financial Sector Assessment Program; Technical Note-Stress Testing the Banking Sector
International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
Financial Sector Assessment Program; Technical Note-Stress Testing the Banking Sector
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; interest rate; money market; capital ratio; mortgage portfolio; credit risk; risk premium; cash flow; fair value; interbank market; banking system; financial crisis; income statement; net income; return on assets; Mortgages; Credit risk; Stress testing; Loans; Market risk; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Switzerland: Financial Sector Assessment Program; Technical Note-Supervision and Oversight of Financial Market Infrastructures
International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
Financial Sector Assessment Program; Technical Note-Supervision and Oversight of Financial Market Infrastructures
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; risk management; governance arrangement; emergency FMI liquidity facility; assessment letter; business process; FMI board; resolution planning; risk matter; SNB oversight unit; resolution framework; FMI supervision; FMI resolution; financial market; recovery plan; FMI risk management; PFM information systems; Principles for Financial Market Infrastructures; Financial market infrastructure; Central counterparty clearing house; Cyber risk
Cover IMF Working Papers
Can Good Governance Lower Financial Intermediation Costs?
Mariusz Jarmuzek
and
Mr. Tonny Lybek
This paper argues that better governance practices can reduce the costs, risks and uncertainty of financial intermediation. Our sample covers high-, middle- and low-income countries before and after the global financial crisis (GFC). We find that net interest margins of banks are lower if various governance indicators are better. More cross-border lending also appears conducive to lower intermediation costs, while the level of capital market development is not significant. The GFC seems not to have had a strong impact except via credit risk. Finally, we estimate the size of potential gains from improved governance.
Keywords:
WP; intermediation cost; bank-dealership model; bank characteristic; banks capital; transaction size; financial intermediation costs; governance; corruption; bank-dealership framework; Credit risk; Global financial crisis of 2008-2009; Capital markets; Competition; Inflation; Global
Cover Policy Papers
New Common Evaluation Framework for IMF Capacity Development
International Monetary Fund
new common evaluation framework for the Fund’s capacity development (CD) activities. The new common evaluation framework is intended to streamline current practices and increase comparability and use of results by adopting for all CD evaluations a common four-step process that includes use of the OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC) evaluation criteria. Around this common approach, there is flexibility to adapt evaluations to reflect the wide range of CD activities. Key elements of the framework are grouped around the objectives of: producing shorter, more focused, and more comparable evaluations; improving the information supporting evaluations;spending the same level of resources on evaluations while allocating these scarce resources more efficiently; and using the information from evaluations to alter practices or shift the targeting of CD resources.
Keywords:
PP; evaluation framework; evaluation work plan; Fund training evaluation; a bit of TA evaluation; course test; self-assessment evaluation; DAC evaluation criteria; TA project; evaluation summary; evaluation resource; Data collection; Development strategy; Public expenditure review; External balance assessment (EBA); Early warning systems