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Europe > Switzerland

You are looking at 1 - 10 of 20 items for :

  • Type: Journal Issue x
  • Financial Institutions and Services: General x
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Cover IMF Working Papers
Monetary Policy Pass-Through to Interest Rates: Stylized Facts from 30 European Countries
Robert C. M. Beyer
,
Ruo Chen
,
Florian Misch
,
Claire Li
,
Ezgi O. Ozturk
, and
Lev Ratnovski
The extent to which changes in monetary policy rates lead to changes in loan and deposit rates for households and firms, referred to as ‘pass-through’, is an important ingredient of monetary policy transmission to output and prices. Using data on seven different bank interest rates in 30 European countries, different approaches, and the full sample as well as a subsample of euro area countries, we show that a) the pass-through in the post-pandemic hiking cycle has been heterogenous across countries and types of interest rates; b) the pass-through has generally been weaker and slower, except for rates of non-financial corporation loans and time deposits in euro area countries; c) differences in pass-through over time and across countries for most deposit rates are correlated with financial sector concentration, liquidity, and loan opportunities, and d) the effects of pass-through to outstanding mortgage rates on monetary transmission on prices and output are heterogenous across countries.
Keywords:
Monetary Policy Transmission; Monetary Policy Pass-Through; NFC loan rate; pass-through to rate; transmission to output; Deposit rates; Central bank policy rate; Mortgages; Loans; Financial sector; Europe
Cover IMF Working Papers
Handle with Care: Regulatory Easing in Times of COVID-19
Mr. Fabian Valencia
,
Mr. Richard Varghese
,
Weijia Yao
, and
Juan Yepez
The policy response to the COVID-19 shock included regulatory easing across many jurisdictions to facilitate the flow of credit to the economy and mitigate a further ampli-fication of the shock through tighter financial conditions. Using an intraday event study,this paper examines how stock prices—a key driver in financial conditions—reacted to regulatory easing announcements in a sample of 18 advanced economies and 8 emerging markets. The paper finds that overall, regulatory easing announcements contributed to looser financial conditions, but effects varied across sectors and tools. Financial regulatory easing led to lower valuations for financial sector stocks, and higher valuations for non-financial sector stocks, particularly for industries that are more dependent on bank financing. Furthermore, valuations declined and financial conditions tightened following announcements related to easier bank capital regulation while equity valuation rose and financial conditions loosened after those about liquidity regulation. Effects from non-regulatory financial measures appear to be generally more muted.
Keywords:
Stock prices; policy announcements; financial conditions; capital; liquidity; COVID-19.; WP; liquidity regulation easing; regulation announcement; announcement dummy; equity price; market reaction
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Switzerland: Financial Sector Assessment Program; Technical Note-Supervision and Oversight of Financial Market Infrastructures
International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
Financial Sector Assessment Program; Technical Note-Supervision and Oversight of Financial Market Infrastructures
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; risk management; governance arrangement; emergency FMI liquidity facility; assessment letter; business process; FMI board; resolution planning; risk matter; SNB oversight unit; resolution framework; FMI supervision; FMI resolution; financial market; recovery plan; FMI risk management; PFM information systems; Principles for Financial Market Infrastructures; Financial market infrastructure; Central counterparty clearing house; Cyber risk
Cover IMF Working Papers
Where Have All the Profits Gone? European Bank Profitability Over the Financial Cycle
Ms. Enrica Detragiache
,
Mr. Thierry Tressel
, and
Ms. Rima A Turk
The paper investigates EU banks’ profitability through the recent financial cycle using banklevel balance sheet and income statement data. We find that banks that were more successful at protecting their profits had a less pronounced deterioration in loan quality and a larger improvement in cost efficiency. They also downsized their assets more aggressively during the crisis, and reduced reliance on wholesale funding more markedly post-crisis. Net interest margins remained broadly stable over the financial cycle, including post-crisis, and there is no clear evidence that aspects of bank business model, such as higher reliance on fees and commission income, were associated with better profitability post-crisis.
Keywords:
WP; bank; EU bank; profitability; Financial Cycle; Bank Profitability; Financial Crisis; bank characteristic; bank leverage; bank asset; return on equity; profit growth; bank performance; Bank soundness; Financial cycles; Personal income; Nonperforming loans; Global systemically important banks; Global
Cover IMF Working Papers
International Capital Flow Pressures
Ms. Linda S. Goldberg
and
Signe Krogstrup
This paper presents a new measure of capital flow pressures in the form of a recast Exchange Market Pressure index. The measure captures pressures that materialize in actual international capital flows as well as pressures that result in exchange rate adjustments. The formulation is theory-based, relying on balance of payments equilibrium conditions and international asset portfolio considerations. Based on the modified exchange market pressure index, the paper also proposes the Global Risk Response Index, which reflects the country-specific sensitivity of capital flow pressures to measures of global risk aversion. For a large sample of countries over time, we demonstrate time variation in the effects of global risk on exchange market pressures, the evolving importance of the global factor across types of countries, and the changing risk-on or risk-off status of currencies.
Keywords:
WP; exchange rate; base currency; net capital; Exchange Market Pressure; Risk aversion; Safe haven; Capital flows; Foreign Exchange Reserves; flow pressure; capital flow pressure; outflow pressure; exchange rate elasticity; exchange rate data; reserves change; capital flow data; appreciation pressure; currency experiences appreciation pressure; capital outflow pressure; flow data; Home exchange rate depreciation; Currencies; Exchange rates; International reserves; Currency markets; Global
Cover Policy Papers
The 2017 Joint Review of the Standards and Codes Initiative
International Monetary Fund
The standards and codes (S&C) initiative was launched in the aftermath of the emerging market crises of the 1990s as part of efforts to strengthen the international financial architecture, with a focus on emerging markets. The initiative has aimed at promoting international standards and codes to improve economic and financial resilience by assisting countries in strengthening their economic institutions and informing World Bank and IMF work. The four previous reviews confirmed a fairly high appreciation of the overall initiative, while also raising questions about the initiative’s link to surveillance and capacity development efforts, weak uptake by market participants, as well as a need to improve traction with policy makers. This review reaffirms the country authorities’ appreciation for S&C work, and its focus and scope are guided by the February 2017 paper.
Keywords:
PP; policy area; policy; standards and code; data policy recommendation; area review; IMF work; country authorities; Anti-money laundering and combating the financing of terrorism (AML/CFT); Financial sector; Fiscal risks; Financial standards; Global
Cover IMF Working Papers
Whose Credit Line is it Anyway: An Update on Banks' Implicit Subsidies
Tryggvi Gudmundsson
The post-crisis financial sector framework reform remains incomplete. While capital and liquidity requirements have been strengthened, doubts remain over other aspects, including the fact that expectations of government support for systemically-important banks (SIBs) remain intact. In this paper, we use a jump diffusion option-pricing approach to provide estimates of implicit subsidies gained by these banks due to the expectation of protection to creditors provided by governments. While these subsidies have declined in the post-crisis era as volatility has declined and capital levels have increased, they remain non-trivial. Even conservative parameterizations of default and loss probabilities lead to macroeconomically significant figures.
Keywords:
WP; fair value; Implicit subsidies; systemically-important banks; capital regulation; bank assets; asset price assumption; asset volatility; recovery rate; bank's assets; market value of assets; value destruction; Asset prices; Stocks; Asset valuation; Global systemically important banks; Global
Cover Policy Papers
IMF Membership in the Financial Stability Board
International Monetary Fund
In light of the recent establishment of the Financial Stability Board (FSB) as an association under Swiss law, this paper proposes Fund membership in the new association. The FSB was formed in 2009 and the Fund’s Executive Board approved the Fund’s membership in 2010, which has provided the Fund with the necessary scope to engage and collaborate with the FSB on a wide range of issues of mutual interest. Recently, in response to a request by the G-20 to establish the FSB with a well-defined “legal personality,” the FSB was established as an association under Swiss law. In light of this change, an Executive Board decision is required for the Fund to formally join the Association.
Keywords:
PP; financial stability forum; Fund; association; working group; governance structure; establishment of the Financial Stability Board; FSB meeting; FSB's Articles of Association; Legal support in revenue administration; Financial sector stability; Multilateral development institutions; Global
Cover Building a More Resilient Financial Sector
Building a More Resilient Financial Sector
Reforms in the Wake of the Global Crisis
Mr. Aditya Narain
,
Ms. Inci Ötker
, and
Ceyla Pazarbasioglu

Abstract

The IMF, with the Bank for International Settlements and the Financial Stability Board, has been at the forefront of discussions on reform of the global financial system to reduce the possibility of future crises, as well as to limit the consequences if they do occur. The policy choices are both urgent and challenging, and are complicated by the relationship between sovereign debt and risks to the banking sector. Building a More Resilient Financial Sector describes the key elements of the reform agenda, including tighter regulation and more effective supervision; greater transparency to strengthen market discipline and limit incentives for risk taking; coherent mechanisms for resolution of failed institutions; and effective safety nets to limit the impact on the financial system of institutions viewed as "too big to fail." Finally, the book takes a look ahead at how the financial system is likely to be shaped by the efforts of policymakers and the private sector response.

Keywords:
BOOK; bank; market; financial system; authority; capital; market discipline; group structure; bank capital; parent bank; subsidiary structure; Systemic risk; Systemically important financial institutions; Bank resolution framework; Contingent capital; Commercial banks; Global; Europe; North America; Eastern Europe
Cover Policy Papers
IMF Membership in the Financial Stability Board
International Monetary Fund
This paper examines the implications of the Fund accepting membership in the Financial Stability Board (“FSB”). The FSB Charter (the ?Charter?) explicitly contemplates the possibility of the Fund and the other international financial institutions becoming members but notes that ?the acceptance of membership by the international financial institutions (IFIs) in the FSB is subject to the approval of their respective governing bodies.? An Executive Board decision is required for the Fund to accept membership and is proposed below.
Keywords:
PP; FSB; G20 industrial nations; fund; state; FSB secretariat; staff participation; membership in the FSB; acceptance of membership; BIS paper; ability to partner; participation in the FSB; IMF membership in the Financial Stability Board; Legal support in revenue administration; Financial sector stability; Financial Sector Assessment Program; Multilateral development institutions; Global