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Europe > Switzerland

You are looking at 1 - 2 of 2 items for :

  • Type: Journal Issue x
  • Demand for Money x
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Cover IMF Working Papers
Dirty Money: Does the Risk of Infectious Disease Lower Demand for Cash?
Mr. Serhan Cevik
The coronavirus pandemic is a global crisis like no other in modern times, and there is a growing apprehension about handling potentially contaminated cash. This paper is the first empirical attempt in the literature to investigate whether the risk of infectious diseases affects demand for physical cash. Since the intensity of cash use may influence the spread of infectious diseases, this paper utilizes two-stage least squares (2SLS) methodology with instrumental variable (IV) to address omitted variable bias and account for potential endogeneity. The analysis indicates that the spread of infectious diseases lowers demand for physical cash, after controlling for macroeconomic, financial, and technological factors. While the transactional constraints imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic could become a catalyst for the use of digital technologies around the world, electronic payment methods may not be universally available in every country owing to financial and technological bottlenecks.
Keywords:
Demand for cash; currency-in-circulation; digital money; infectious diseases; WP; cash use; handling cash; cash transfer; store of value; infectious-disease outbreak; payment method; coronavirus pandemic; Communicable diseases; Currencies; COVID-19; Deposit rates; Ebola; Global
Cover IMF Working Papers
The Effects of Monetary and Fiscal Policy on Aggregate Demand in a Small Open Economy: An Application of the Structural Error Correction Model
Mr. Tetsuya Konuki
This paper empirically analyzes the short-run effects of monetary and fiscal policy on aggregate demand, using the two-step structural error correction method. This method has an advantage over the standard reduced-form error correction method in providing a meaningful interpretation for impulse responses. The results are in sharp contrast to those of the traditional Mundell-Fleming and Dornbusch models: after the monetary (fiscal) policy is relaxed, the home currency depreciates (appreciates) for a substantial period of time, and the aggregate demand first expands (contracts) then gradually returns toward its original path.
Keywords:
WP; aggregate demand; fiscal policy; open economy; Monetary and fiscal policy; structural error correction models; nominal exchange rate; Phillips-curve price adjustment equation; equation method; aggregate demand function; GMM estimation; expansionary monetary policy shock; aggregate demand specification; magnifying depreciation; fiscal policy disturbance; level of significance; money demand shock; aggregate demand to monetary and fiscal policy shock; Real exchange rates; Exchange rates; Fiscal stimulus; Demand for money