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Western Hemisphere > Belize

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Cover Finance & Development
Finance & Development, March 2022
International Monetary Fund. Communications Department
Finance and Development, March 2022
Keywords:
world inequality report; public finance management systems; debt-ratio target; government funding; debt-service cost; emerging market debt ratio range; management system function; Income inequality; Value-added tax; Currencies; Global; Africa; Caribbean; Asia and Pacific; South Asia
Cover Finance & Development
Finance & Development, March 2022
International Monetary Fund. Communications Department
Finance and Development, March 2022
Keywords:
world inequality report; public finance management systems; debt-ratio target; government funding; debt-service cost; emerging market debt ratio range; management system function; Income inequality; Value-added tax; Currencies; Global; Africa; Caribbean; Asia and Pacific; South Asia
Cover Finance & Development
Finance & Development, March 2022
International Monetary Fund. Communications Department
Finance and Development, March 2022
Keywords:
world inequality report; public finance management systems; debt-ratio target; government funding; debt-service cost; emerging market debt ratio range; management system function; Income inequality; Value-added tax; Currencies; Global; Africa; Caribbean; Asia and Pacific; South Asia
Cover Finance & Development
Finance & Development, March 2022
International Monetary Fund. Communications Department
Finance and Development, March 2022
Keywords:
world inequality report; public finance management systems; debt-ratio target; government funding; debt-service cost; emerging market debt ratio range; management system function; Income inequality; Value-added tax; Currencies; Global; Africa; Caribbean; Asia and Pacific; South Asia
Cover Finance & Development
Finance & Development, March 2022
International Monetary Fund. Communications Department
Finance and Development, March 2022
Keywords:
world inequality report; public finance management systems; debt-ratio target; government funding; debt-service cost; emerging market debt ratio range; management system function; Income inequality; Value-added tax; Currencies; Global; Africa; Caribbean; Asia and Pacific; South Asia
Cover Finance & Development
Finance & Development, March 2022
International Monetary Fund. Communications Department
Finance and Development, March 2022
Keywords:
world inequality report; public finance management systems; debt-ratio target; government funding; debt-service cost; emerging market debt ratio range; management system function; Income inequality; Value-added tax; Currencies; Global; Africa; Caribbean; Asia and Pacific; South Asia
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Belize: 2021 Article IV Consultation-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Belize
International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.
Belize has been hit hard by the COVID-19 pandemic, which led to a deep recession and worsened fiscal and external positions from already weak levels. The opposition People’s United Party won the November 2020 elections by a wide margin, which gives the new government a unique opportunity to jump start much needed reforms to reduce large imbalances and anchor strong and inclusive growth.
Keywords:
currency peg; exchange regime; homegrown adjustment plan; public debt debt ratio; central bank financing; Fiscal stance; Fiscal consolidation; COVID-19; Caribbean; Global
Cover IMF Working Papers
Meeting the Sustainable Development Goals in Small Developing States with Climate Vulnerabilities: Cost and Financing
Johanna Tiedemann
,
Veronica Piatkov
,
Dinar Prihardini
,
Juan Carlos Benitez
, and
Ms. Aleksandra Zdzienicka
Small Developing States (SDS) face substantial challenges in achieving sustainable development. Many of these challenges relate to the small size and limited diversification of their economies. SDS are also among the most vulnerable countries to the impact of climate change and natural disasters. Meeting SDS sustainable development goals goes hand-in-hand with building their climate resilience. But the additional costs to meet development and resilience objectives are substantial and difficult to finance. This work adapts the IMF SDG Costing methodology to capture the unique characteristics and challenges of climate-vulnerable SDS. It also zooms into financing options, estimating domestic tax potential and discussing the possibility of accessing ‘climate funds.’
Keywords:
Sustainable Development; Climate Resilience; Small Developing States.; WP; development goal; face difficulty; Growth-Climate Nexus; income group; Small Developing States; borrowing space; financial support; concentrate effort; face exposure; sectoral plan; private sector investment; Infrastructure; Income; Climate change; Global; Caribbean; East Africa; Middle East; North Africa
Cover IMF Working Papers
External Private Financing and Domestic Revenue Mobilization: A Dilemma?
Hippolyte W. Balima
,
Deirdre Daly
, and
Mr. Boileau Loko
Domestic revenue mobilization (DRM) is essential for low-income and emerging economies to sustainably finance their development needs and has received increasing attention in recent years. Studies have centered on structural factors such as the size and the structure of the economy, and the quality of institutions, notably to account for weaknesses in revenue administrations. Nevertheless, DRM can take time and carry political costs. Raising more financing through donors or private investors may be an easier and more politically palatable way for countries to meet spending needs. Using an impact assessment methodology and panel regressions over a sample of 72 developing countries, we found no evidence that access to bond markets or external commercial loans undermines the countries’ efforts to collect tax revenue. On the contrary, we found that access to markets has a positive impact on domestic revenue mobilization. Plausible explanations are that private financing must be repaid, and strong macroeconomic fundamentals are key for maintaining market access. We have also found that macroeconomic stability and the strength of institutions do matter for domestic revenue mobilization.
Keywords:
Domestic revenue mobilization; Bond markets; external commercial debt.; WP; market access; access country; access unit; market discipline effect; market financing; external commercial debt; access group; Revenue mobilization; International bonds; Emerging and frontier financial markets; Bonds; Sub-Saharan Africa
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Belize: Technical Assistance Report—Cybersecurity, Regulation, Supervision, and Resilience
International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
Cybersecurity risk is embedded in the CBB’s supervisory framework, but additional enhancements are needed to formalize guidance and develop more intensive supervisory practices. Supervisory expectations on cybersecurity are presented in an informal guidance note, which should be formalized into regulation to ensure enforceability; and an IT/cybersecurity supervisory manual should be developed to promote effective and consistent practices. With its principle-based guidance note, the CBB highlights its priorities in strengthening the cybersecurity posture of Belizean financial institutions. The principles are an appropriate interpretation of international best practices on incident prevention, detection, response, and recovery measures, adapted to the cyber maturity of the Belizean financial institutions, and can be used as a foundation for the formalized guidelines. The manual could emphasize the review of cybersecurity strategies, policies, and responsibility specifications and should address obtaining assurance on the effectiveness of the financial institutions’ processes for cyber risk identification, assessment, and mitigation.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; risk management; self-assessment guidance; cybersecurity governance; cybersecurity process; efficiency gain; cybersecurity resilience; cybersecurity regulation; incident reporting; guidance note; control environment; cybersecurity posture; incident management; cybersecurity innovation; cybersecurity guidance note; cybersecurity guideline; Cyber risk; Central bank bills; Operational risk; Internal audit; Securities; Global