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Business and Economics > Production and Operations Management

You are looking at 1 - 8 of 8 items for :

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Cover IMF Working Papers
Dissecting Economic Growth in Uruguay
Ms. Natasha X Che
Uruguay experienced one of its biggest economic booms in history during 2004-2014. Since then, growth has come down significantly. The paper investigates the various causes of the boom and discusses the sustainability of these causes. It then compares Uruguay against high-growth countries that were once at a similar income level, across a broad set of structural indicators, to identify priority reform areas that could improve long-term growth prospect.
Keywords:
economic growth; Uruguay; commodity price boom; sustainable growth; economy of Uruguay; WP; convergence record; income convergence; soybean export; terms of trade; Uruguay economy
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Paraguay: Selected Issues
International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.
This Selected Issues paper investigates the reasons for the growth pickup in Paraguay and explores the potential for sustainable future growth. It shows that the growth acceleration over the past 15 years is the combined result of a few factors: a bounce back from the crisis in the late 1990s and the subpar growth of the two decades prior; a benevolent external environment, the commodity price boom in particular; and the improved macroeconomic stability. Also in terms of its composition, growth in the past has largely been extensive, mostly coming from capital deepening and increasing labor inputs, rather than productivity increase, though total factor productivity growth has played a bigger role in the most recent years. Despite strong growth in recent years, like most of the Latin America, seen over a longer period, Paraguay has not attained significant economic convergence with advanced economies. Empirical data shows a strong linkage between the GDP per capita of a country and its score in a composite structural indicator such as the World Competitiveness Index, which Paraguay ranked poorly on. Identifying and correcting Paraguay’s structural deficiencies that may be hampering productivity growth and capital accumulation will be crucial for sustainable growth.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; Paraguay; IMF staff calculation; GDP; credit growth; dollar-denominated credit; commodity price boom; IMF staff estimate; Credit; Credit booms; Exports; Agricultural prices; Commodity prices; Global; Western Europe; Europe
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Uruguay: Selected Issues
International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.
This Selected Issues paper investigates the impact of exchange rate movements on private consumption in Uruguay. Uruguay is a highly dollarized economy, which makes the relationship between exchange rate movements and private consumption particularly complex. The paper shows that a large share of Uruguayan households is liquidity constrained, which allows the transitory real income shocks brought about by exchange rate pass-through to have a significant impact on consumption. Moreover, exchange rate pass-through is highly heterogenous, with relative prices of durables increasing (decreasing) following a depreciation (appreciation). This creates incentives for households to engage in intertemporal substitution where they buy durables when they are relatively cheaper. Data from Input–Output tables show that Uruguay produces a nontrivial amount of the tradable, durable goods it consumes, opening the door to contractionary depreciations. The results offer a potential explanation for the often noted ‘excess volatility of consumption’ in emerging markets for the case of Uruguay.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; dollarization; exchange rate; deposit dollarization; productivity; exchange rate movement; credit dollarization; government investment multiplier; VAR model; Exchange rates; Consumption; Income; Labor productivity; Private consumption; Global; Caribbean
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Paraguay: Consulta del Artículo IV correspondiente a 2011
International Monetary Fund
En los últimos años, el FMI ha publicado cada vez más informes y trabajos que abarcan los fenómenos y tendencias en materia económica y financiera en los países miembros. Un equipo de integrantes del personal técnico del FMI elabora cada informe tras celebrar consultas con los funcionarios de los gobiernos; el país miembro puede optar por publicar el informe.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; excess reserves; bank excess reserves
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Paraguay: Selected Issues
International Monetary Fund
Paraguay’s economy recently experienced particularly large output swings. Economic policies will play a critical role in raising investment by making sure that macroeconomic stability is maintained. The spillovers from the agricultural sector to the rest of the economy are limited. The high level of bank excess reserves in Paraguay reflects a mixture of precautionary and involuntary factors. Large bank excess reserves weaken the monetary transmission channel, and cause inefficiency costs. Bank reforms should be undertaken to preserve financial and macroeconomic stability.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; excess reserves; bank excess reserves; output gap estimation; GDP growth; longrun output trend; growth performance; Agricultural sector; Reserve requirements; Output gap; Bank deposits; Central bank policy rate; Global; Central America
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Paraguay: Selected Issues
International Monetary Fund
After five years of Paraguay’s high growth led, in part by agro-exporting sectors, the external environment has turned less favorable, with a sharp decline of export prices and a curtailment of external credit lines. The Selected Issues paper for Paraguay discusses economic development and policies. Over the same period, inflation remained above 5 percent, but hovered around 10 percent in the last two years, fed in part by supply shocks but possibly also by an overheating of the economy.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; monetary policy; bank behavior; monetary policy rule; primary sector; bank fundamentals; excess output gap; Credit; Banking crises; Output gap; Inflation; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Paraguay: Selected Issues and Statistical Appendix
International Monetary Fund
This Selected Issues paper analyzes the background, stages and developments, and estimation of the direct costs of Paraguay's banking crisis. The paper provides the estimates on the size and evolution of the informal sector, and examines the extent to which the national accounts capture informal activity. The study also estimates the potential output and total factor productivity by examining trends in output, investment, and population growth as well as the direction and size of fiscal impulse on its economy. The paper also provides a statistical appendix report of Paraguay.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; GDP; Paraguay; bank; trend factor productivity; investment data; discretionary expenditure; bank closure; wage outlay; Potential GDP growth; GDP estimate; Fiscal stance; Loans; Potential output; Public sector; Global
Cover IMF Working Papers
Can the Neoclassical Model Explain the Distribution of Foreign Direct Investment Across Developing Countries?
Mr. Harm Zebregs
Since the beginning of the 1990s, foreign direct investment (FDI) in developing countries has increased dramatically. The distribution of FDI flows across these countries, however, is highly uneven; only a small number attract comparatively large amounts of foreign capital. This paper investigates whether the pattern of FDI flows can be explained by the standard neoclassical model or by modified versions of this model that allow for differences in production technologies across countries. The results suggest that the standard neoclassical approach is not particularly useful if we want to understand FDI flows to developing countries.
Keywords:
WP; FDI flow; FDI-GNP ratio; capital; GNP; Foreign Investment; Neoclassical Theory; flows to developing countries; FDI data; share parameter; Foreign direct investment; Capital flows; Capital productivity; East Asia