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Business and Economics > Production and Operations Management

You are looking at 1 - 10 of 79 items for :

  • Type: Journal Issue x
  • Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General x
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Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Niger: Selected Issues
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
2024 Selected Issues
Keywords:
B. revenue potential; output gap estimate; governance weakness; output gap estimation; tax revenue potential; Potential output; Output gap; Sub-Saharan Africa; North Africa; Global; West Africa
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Panama: Selected Issues
International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.
This Selected Issues paper presents the main features and weaknesses of the current Panamanian tax system and provides an international comparison of its performance. Panama’s macroeconomic performance has been notably robust. Panama’s macroeconomic performance has been notably robust, but Panama’s tax collection has been historically low. A tax system without adequate revenues led to chronic fiscal deficits and a lack of resources to invest in human capital (education and health) and promote social inclusion policies. In addition, the tax system is notably regressive, and several rules are very inefficient and distortive contradicting the overall policy objective of the country to attract investment. Taxation of the business sector is very complex. On the other hand, the system is very generous regarding benefits. Overall, the desirable reform direction is clear: A reduction in tax incentives, following their analysis, as well as stronger anti-abuse provisions, and revenues from an international minimum tax can finance reductions in the inefficient parts of the tax system, such as the multiple business taxes and the strict loss carry forward.
Keywords:
VAT indicator; directorate General; C. consumption tax; tax comparison; revenue performance; International reserves; Total factor productivity; Tax incentives; Corporate income tax; Caribbean; Central America; South America; Global; Asia and Pacific
Cover IMF Working Papers
Keeping it Simple–Efficiency Costs of Fixed Margin Regimes in Transfer Pricing
Sebastian Beer
,
Sebastien Leduc
, and
Jan Loeprick
Simplifying tax policy comes with costs and benefits. This paper explores simplification options for the taxation of MNEs, an area where administrative and compliance costs of the current rules are large. Simplified approaches seek to reduce these costs by relying on an approximation of the true tax base, potentially distorting resource allocation. We examine the efficiency cost of transfer pricing simplification theoretically and empirically. Using a sample of 300,000 firms located in 22 countries, we estimate that common transfer pricing practices reduce efficiency between 0.25 and 2.2 percent of total factor productivity across sectors. Focusing on the manufacturing sector, we then observe that simplification more than doubles sectoral inefficiency on average. However, large differences exist, with moderate efficiency costs in several sectors.
Keywords:
Taxation of Multinational Enterprises; Transfer Pricing Simplification; Efficiency Costs; modelling transfer pricing Benchmarking; efficiency cost; annex I. descriptive statistics; simplification option; transfer pricing practice; efficiency loss; Transfer pricing; Total factor productivity; Productivity; Tax wedge; Manufacturing; Global
Cover IMF Working Papers
Fiscal Consolidation and Firm Level Productivity: Evidence from Advanced Economies
Maxwell Tuuli
and
Ngo Van Long
Productivity dispersion across countries has led to several studies on the determinants of firm level productivity and the role of macroeconomic policies in determining productivity. In this paper, we investigate the effect of fiscal consolidation on firm level productivity in 12 advanced economies by combining an updated dataset of fiscal consolidation measures with firm level productivity. We find that fiscal consolidation (i.e., discretionary tax hikes and spending cuts), is detrimental to firm level productivity in advanced economies. We also find that high levels of fiscal consolidation are particularly harmful to firm level productivity compared to lower levels of fiscal consolidation. Furthermore, we find that tax based fiscal consolidation hinders firm level productivity more compared to spending based fiscal consolidation. This implies that the size and composition of fiscal consolidation matter in understanding the relationship between fiscal consolidation and firm level productivity.
Keywords:
Fiscal consolidation; Taxes; Spending; Total Factor Productivity; firm level productivity; fiscal consolidation matter; fiscal consolidation measure; productivity dispersion; effect of fiscal consolidation; Productivity; Financial sector development; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Australia: Selected Issues
International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept
Selected Issues
Keywords:
ICT investment; I. utilization-adjusted productivity; productivity slowdown; B. Australia's productivity performance; impact of R&D; Productivity; Total factor productivity; Tax incentives; Competition; Labor productivity; Global
Cover IMF Working Papers
Productivity in the Netherlands
Mr. Sakai Ando
Although GDP growth in the Netherlands has recently been stronger than in peer countries, the main contributor has been the growth in labor. If GDP is divided by labor, productivity growth appears to have been slower than in peers. This chapter discusses both exogenous and endogenous factors behind the disappointing productivity growth in the Netherlands and derives policy implications.
Keywords:
WP; productivity growth; productivity-enhancing investment; high-productivity mining; low-productivity sector; capital section; productivity slowdown; Productivity; Labor markets; Employment; Information technology in revenue administration; Global; labor-market duality
Cover IMF Working Papers
Deepening the EU’s Single Market for Services
Mr. Christian H Ebeke
,
Jan-Martin Frie
, and
Louise Rabier
The services sector is increasingly important for the euro area economy, but productivity growth in the sector has stalled over the past two decades. Remaining barriers to cross-border trade in services within the EU Single Market contribute to this weak performance. Our empirical analysis suggests that slow progress in tackling these barriers is associated with political economy factors such as weak government support in parliaments, low government efficiency and high markups. To remove the cross-border restrictions on services trade, we suggest combining incentives such as financial support, technical assistance and improved communication on barriers with more effective enforcement.
Keywords:
WP; government; service trade restrictiveness; EU KLEMS; EU work force; EU Services Directive; euro area services sector; STRI EU; Services sector; Trade in services; Legal support in revenue administration; Productivity; Trade liberalization; Global
Cover IMF Working Papers
Productivity and Tax Evasion
Ms. Era Dabla-Norris
,
Mr. Mark Gradstein
,
Fedor Miryugin
, and
Florian Misch
The extent of tax compliance has important implications for revenue yield, efficiency and the fairness of any tax system. Tax evasion undermines revenue collection, distorts competition, and undermines a country’s development prospects. In this paper, we investigate whether higher productivity causally leads to lower tax evasion. We first present stylized facts consistent with this view and develop a model that illustrates one potential transmission channel. Second, we test the model predictions at the firm level using the self-reported share of declared income as proxy for tax evasion for a large sample of emerging and developing economies. Our results suggests that productivity improvements by firms can lead to lower tax evasion.
Keywords:
WP; firm; firm level; tax evasion propensity; productivity indicator; productivity result; tax-evading firm; firm productivity; Productivity; Tax evasion; Labor productivity; Tax return filing compliance; Tax administration core functions; Middle East; North Africa; Central Asia; East Africa; Central and Eastern Europe
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Guinea: Second Review of the Arrangement under the Three-Year Extended Credit Facility, financing Assurances Review, and Request for a Waiver of Nonobservance of Performance Criterion-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Guinea
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Guinea’s strong growth momentum continues. Real growth reached about 10 percent in 2017 and is expected at about 6 percent in 2018 and 2019. However, the social context remains fragile. Risks of political and social instability are heightened by upcoming legislative elections in March 2019 and presidential elections in 2020.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; government repayment; bauxite agreement; debt; mining contract; ECF arrangement
Cover IMF Working Papers
Death and Taxes: Does Taxation Matter for Firm Survival?
Mr. Serhan Cevik
and
Fedor Miryugin
This paper investigates the impact of taxation on firm survival, using hazard models and a large-scale panel dataset on over 4 million nonfinancial firms from 21 countries over the period 1995–2015. We find ample evidence that a lower level of effective marginal tax rate improves firms’ survival chances. This result is not only statistically but also economically important and remains robust when we partition the sample into country subgroups. The effect of taxation on firms’ survival probability is found to exhibit a non-linear pattern and be stronger in developing countries than advanced economies. These findings have important policy implications for the design of corporate tax systems. The challenge is not simply reducing the statutory tax rate, but to level the playing field for all firms by rationalizing differentiated tax treatments across sectors, asset types and sources of financing.
Keywords:
WP; firm; firm survival; nonfinancial firm; survival prospects; appendix table; summary statistics; Marginal effective tax rate; Tax incidence; Capital productivity; Total factor productivity; Corporate income tax; Europe