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Business and Economics > Sustainable Development

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Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Angola: Selected Issues
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Selected Issues
Keywords:
SDG progress; D. SDG performance; financing framework; growth disorder; guarantee scheme; Credit; Sustainable Development Goals (SDG); Health care spending; Total expenditures; Global
Cover Policy Papers
The IMF Strategy for Fragile and Conflict-Affected States
International Monetary Fund
This paper proposes a comprehensive Strategy to strengthen IMF support to FCS in accordance with the Fund’s mandate and comparative advantage. The Strategy is a response to the Board-endorsed recommendations of the 2018 Independent Evaluation Office (IEO) Report on The IMF and Fragile States. To achieve these goals, the Strategy will benefit from additional resources reflected in the FY23-25 Medium-Term Budget, as per the budget augmentation framework discussed by the Board in December 2021. The Strategy also provides measures to better support staff working on FCS. Given the inherent risks in FCS engagement, the Strategy will be phased in starting in FY22, with implementation gradually accelerating between FY23-FY25.
Keywords:
FCS strategy; IMF FCS list; IMF engagement; field presence; IMF field presence; staffing change; IMF core activity; engagement model; Climate change; Inclusive growth; Absorptive capacity; Macro-fiscal framework; Global; Asia and Pacific
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Solomon Islands: Selected Issues
International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept
This Selected Issues paper on the Solomon Islands quantifies additional spending needs for Solomon Islands to achieve key Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) targets by 2030. The estimate indicates annual additional spending needs of about 6.9 percent of 2030 gross domestic product. Higher investment in energy infrastructure, including on renewable energy, is a key priority to strengthening climate change adaptation and paving the way toward a low-carbon transition. Creating fiscal space for projects with climate-proofing components through budget reallocation, while improving spending efficiency, would raise economic returns by building climate resilience. An integrated financing strategy with a mix of additional concessional financing and front-loaded fiscal measures, including domestic revenue mobilization, is needed and should be properly sequenced to achieve SDGs by 2030. The SDGs and climate commitment should be integrated into the existing public financial management reform agenda to achieve climate-sensitive development goals.
Keywords:
D. Policy discussion; priority investment list; spending Needs; secondary education; development spending needs; Sustainable Development Goals (SDG); Infrastructure; Renewable energy; Asia and Pacific
Cover IMF Working Papers
The Spending Challenge of Achieving the SDGs in South Asia: Lessons from India
Ms. Mercedes Garcia-Escribano, Ms. Tewodaj Mogues, Marian Moszoro, and Mauricio Soto
South Asia has experienced significant progress in improving human and physical capital over the past few decades. Within the region, India has become a global economic powerhouse with enormous development potential ahead. To foster human and economic development, India has shown a strong commitment to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) Agenda. This paper focuses on the medium-term development challenges that South Asia, and in particular India, faces to ensure substantial progress along the SDGs by 2030. We estimate the additional spending needed in critical areas of human capital (health and education) and physical capital (water and sanitation, electricity, and roads). We document progress on these five sectors for India relative to other South Asian countries and discuss implications for policy and reform.
Keywords:
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs); Human Capital; Infrastructure; India; spending estimation; health outcome; spending challenge; physical capital; SDG sector; Sustainable Development Goals (SDG); Electricity; South Asia
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
The Gambia: Selected Issues
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Selected Issues
Keywords:
background documentation; infrastructure gap; SDG financing framework; infrastructure governance institution; public spending efficiency; SDG financing simulation; IMF staff calculation; Infrastructure; COVID-19; Expenditure efficiency; Sustainable Development Goals (SDG); Africa; Global; Sub-Saharan Africa
Cover Departmental Papers
Private Finance for Development: Wishful Thinking or Thinking Out of the Box?
Hilary Devine, Adrian Peralta-Alva, Hoda Selim, Preya Sharma, Ludger Wocken, and Luc Eyraud
The Covid-19 pandemic has aggravated the tension between large development needs in infrastructure and scarce public resources. To alleviate this tension and promote a strong and job-rich recovery from the crisis, Africa needs to mobilize more financing from and to the private sector.
Keywords:
Sustainable Development Goals; Development Finance; investment risk; participation reform; targeted government incentive; public funds; finance flow; Infrastructure; Private investment; Public investment and public-private partnerships (PPP); Income; Sustainable Development Goals (SDG); Africa; Global; Sub-Saharan Africa; Middle East; Asia and Pacific
Cover IMF Working Papers
SDG Financing Options in Rwanda: A Post-Pandemic Assessment
Victor Duarte Lledo and Mr. Roberto Perrelli
This paper uses a novel macroeconomic framework to identify policy and financing options to help Rwanda achieve its sustainable development goals (SDGs). Under current policies, Rwanda would meet its SDGs right after 2050. Active policies that combine fiscal reforms and higher private sector participation could fulfill more than one third of Rwanda’s post-pandemic SDG financing gap, enabling the country to meet its SDG targets by 2040. For Rwanda to meet its SDGs by 2030, active policies would need to be complemented with about 13¾ percentage points of GDP in additional resources annually until then.
Keywords:
financing gap; SDG financing option; framework scenario; SDG Needs; financing options in Rwanda; Sustainable Development Goals (SDG); COVID-19; Human capital; Fiscal space; Global