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Business and Economics > Corporate Taxation

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Cover Technical Assistance Reports
Republic of Armenia: Technical Assistance Report-Personal Income Tax and Social Security Contribution Gaps
International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept.
This report presents results on a review of data available to the State Revenue Committee for estimating the Personal Income Tax and Social Security Contribution gaps. It is concluded that SRC has sufficient quality data available from operational audits to assess the gaps.
Keywords:
Personal Income Tax Gap; Social Security Contributions Gap; Bottom-up approach; Operational audits; Heckman Sample Selection model; Republic of Armenia.; SSC gap; PIT gap measurement methodology; social security contribution gap; PIT gap; SRC data; assessed PIT; Personal income tax; Auditing; Tax audits; Corporate income tax; Tax gap; Global
Cover Technical Assistance Reports
Republic of Armenia: Technical Assistance Report-Corporate Income Tax Gap Prediction 2023 Based on Corporate Income Tax Returns
International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept.
This report presents estimates of predictions of the Corporate Income Tax (CIT) gap for Armenia for 2023. The predicted CIT Gap is based on not-yet audited tax returns. The CIT gap is predicted to be 25.5 to 34.1 percent of potential CIT liability in 2023.
Keywords:
Predicted Corporate Income Tax Gap; Bottom-up approach; Not-yet audited tax returns; Heckman Sample Selection model; Republic of Armenia.; CIT gap; CIT gap estimate; IMF team; gap analysis; IMF short term expert; Corporate income tax; Auditing; Business enterprises; Tax gap; Tax audit performance measurement
Cover Technical Assistance Reports
Republic of Armenia: Technical Assistance Report-Corporate Income Tax Gap Estimation Based on Operational Audits
International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept.
This report presents estimates of the Corporate Income Tax (CIT) gap for Armenia for the period 2020–2022. The CIT gap is based on a bottom-up approach using operational audits. The average CIT gap in Armenia is estimated at 26.4-35.2 percent of potential CIT liability.
Keywords:
Republic of Armenia; Corporate Income Tax Gap; Bottom-up approach; Operational audits; Heckman Sample Selection model; Machine learning model; Select cases for future audits.; CIT Gap; CIT gap estimate; A. CIT gap result; CIT gap; Corporate income tax; Auditing; Income; Tax audit performance measurement; Business enterprises
Cover Technical Notes and Manuals
Corporate Income Tax Gap Estimation by using Bottom-Up Techniques in Selected Countries: Revenue Administration Gap Analysis Program
Patricio A Barra
,
Mr. Eric Hutton
, and
Polina Prokof'yeva
This technical note describes bottom-up CIT gap estimation techniques applied by revenue administrations in the following highly experienced countries in this approach: Australia, Brazil, Canada, Denmark, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The main topics included in the descriptions are techniques applied, CIT gap results, advantages and disadvantages of different available options, and future developments and recommendations for any revenue administration interested in starting bottom-up CIT gap estimation programs having no prior experience.
Keywords:
Tax Administration; Tax Compliance; Corporate Income Tax; Tax Gap; Tax Evasion; Random Audit Program; Risk-Based Audits; bottom-up technique; CIT gap; gap definition; Ra-GAP team; members of the Revenue Administration Gap Analysis Program; Auditing; Revenue Administration Gap Analysis Program (RA-GAP); Small and medium enterprises
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Sri Lanka: Selected Issues
International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept
Selected Issues
Keywords:
A. government financing; General government tax revenue; indirect tax revenue composition; B. tax revenue performance; average revenue; Value-added tax; Consumption taxes; Informal employment; COVID-19; South Asia; Global; Asia and Pacific
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Qatar: 2022 Article IV Consultation-Press Release; and Staff Report
International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept.
Swift and decisive policy response to the Covid-19 pandemic has helped to mitigate the health and economic impact of the crisis. Fast vaccination rollout has also strengthened the economy’s resilience to new pandemic waves, paving the way for a speedy recovery. As the economy rebounds, a gradual exit from pandemic support measures is underway.
Keywords:
hydrocarbon price; CPI data; money market rate; financial asset; headline inflation; IMF's transparency policy; COVID-19; External sector statistics; Foreign assets; Global; Middle East; North Africa; East Africa
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Republic of Armenia: Technical Assistance Report-Strategic Choices for Tax Administration to Enhance Tax Compliance
International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept.
This technical assistance report on Republic of Armenia advices on advises on strategic choices for tax administration and compliance risk management. It complements the March 2018 tax administration mission, which provided the State Revenue Committee (SRC) with general guidance to develop and implement a compliance improvement framework. Armenia’s tax policy setting creates challenges for the SRC to effectively manage tax compliance. The Government’s tax policy framework is likely to create new noncompliance opportunities and result in revenue leakages. Strengthened fundamental functions and processes are needed for the delivery of effective tax administration. Two issues raised in the 2018 tax administration mission report need to be highlighted again. The mission provided an analysis of SRC case selection and advised on the adoption of analytical tools to achieve better results. The SRC’s current additive risk rule scoring approaches need to be supplemented by predictive modeling giving better predictions and prioritization of the likelihood and potential consequences of noncompliance—the use of such model is envisaged in the SRC’s draft strategic plan.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; administration; taxpayer; tax administration; compliance management approach; mission report need; increase taxpayer confidence; taxpayer register; core tax administration function; governance arrangement; Tax administration core functions; Tax return filing compliance; Auditing; Corporate income tax
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Ukraine: Technical Assistance Report-Reforming the State Fiscal Services
International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept.
The SFS was established in 2014 as the successor to the Ministry of Revenue and Duties (MRD), and with three components—tax, customs and tax police. Following the turbulence arising from mid-year leadership changes in the SFS, reform momentum was invigorated and a number of important initiatives are being pursued. Since May 2015, a comprehensive reform plan has been approved; execution of the plan has commenced; many regional and local leaders were replaced; a change director was appointed; integrity programs were expanded; and a set of indicators that provide for a substantial lift in organization performance are being pursued. There are preparations for ambitious changes to organization structure which will merge the field networks across tax and customs.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; audit program; value-added tax; reform plan; SFS audit coverage; The SFS Audit management team
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Ukraine: Technical Assistance Report-Reforming the State Fiscal Services
International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept.
This paper discusses State Fiscal Service (SFS) Reform of Ukraine and a plan of action. This mission is a follow-up to the Fiscal Affairs Department (FAD) mission of July 2014 and has focused on the recently adopted reform plan for revenue administration in the SFS. In 2015, the revenue performance has met expectations for the major taxes. There are concerns that amounts for corporate income tax (CIT) advance payments and value-added tax refunds will erode future performance. Advance payments of CIT have not been credited against tax assessments. The 2014 FAD mission made a number of recommendations aimed at short-term revenue improvement before long-term institutional changes were adopted.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; audit program; value-added tax; reform plan; SFS audit coverage; The SFS Audit management team; tax Police; customs aspect; Police reform; office network; audit staff; single tax; tax audit; Auditing; Dispute resolution; Tax administration core functions; Tax audits; Corporate income tax
Cover Improving Large Taxpayers' Compliance
Improving Large Taxpayers' Compliance
A Review of Country Experience
Mr. Olivier P. Benon
,
Ms. Katherine Baer
, and
Mr. Juan Toro R.

Abstract

One area that has not been reviewed in developing countries is the growing focus on different segments of the taxpayer population-including the large taxpayers-as a way to encourage greater stability in public revenue flows, improve the effectiveness and efficiency of tax administration, and introduce innovations in the public sector. Based on a sample of about 40 countries, this paper provides an overview of country practices in terms of the organization, systems, and procedures used by tax administrations to monitor the compliance of the large taxpayers. The paper also reviews the effectiveness of large taxpayer operations in selected developing and transition countries where the IMF has recommended their establishment.

Keywords:
OP; taxpayer; LTU; tax; country; Hungarian LTU; tax administration; headquarters office; large taxpayer; compliance operation; reform strategy; Tax administration core functions; Tax collection; Auditing; Taxpayer services; Asia and Pacific; Eastern Europe; Global; Central and Eastern Europe; Africa