Narrow Your Choices

Refine By Countries

Refine By Series

Refine By Language

Refine By Date

—

Refine By IMF Taxonomy

Refine By JEL Taxonomy

Refine by LOC Taxonomy

Refine By THEMA Taxonomy

  • Print
  • Save

Business and Economics > Corporate Taxation

You are looking at 1 - 10 of 30 items for :

  • Type: Journal Issue x
  • Saving and investment x
Clear All Modify Search
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Ireland: Selected Issues
International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
This Selected Issues paper provides an international perspective to the authorities’ two recent policy measures: setting up new savings and counter cyclical and climate infrastructure funds and reforming the judicial review of planning decisions in Ireland. The first essay presents international best practices in the design and operation of sovereign wealth funds that could inform the setup of the two new funds in Ireland. It highlights the importance of operating the funds within a strong fiscal policy framework. The second essay reviews Ireland’s planning and permitting system, underscoring the key elements that have hindered public investment. It also looks into the government’s proposed Bill to reform the planning system and contrasts its key features with those of other international jurisdictions. It finds that several issues may contribute to the inefficiencies in the planning and judicial review system, such as the loose standing requirements and lack of mandatory timelines related to judicial review, as well as institutional governance issues within the planning board, which the newly proposed reforms and legislative measures seek to address.
Keywords:
housing affordability; D. policy option; savings fund; modernizing judicial review; impulse response; Housing; Housing prices; Pension spending; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Ireland: 2023 Article IV Consultation-Press Release; and Staff Report
International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
This 2023 Article IV Consultation highlights that Ireland’s economy has shown remarkable resilience in the face of consecutive shocks. The Irish economy has displayed remarkable resilience in the face of recent consecutive shocks and is well-positioned to achieve a soft landing. Growth is expected to moderate to a still solid level in 2023-24, from a very high base, as tighter financial conditions, domestic capacity constraints, and weakening external demand weigh on the economy. Continued fiscal prudence is warranted to complement monetary tightening in sustaining disinflation and to build adequate buffers for the future. As fiscal policy should avoid adding to aggregate demand amid still elevated inflation, tax revenue over performance should be saved. The 2023 fiscal stance is appropriate. Fiscal policy should support growth-enhancing investment and broaden the tax base. The authorities’ decision to save part of excess corporate income tax revenues in two savings funds is welcome. Tighter financial conditions, persistent inflation, and rising vulnerabilities in the commercial real estate market with linkages to leveraged non-banks call for continued heightened vigilance of financial stability risks.
Keywords:
liability positions vis-à-vis nonresident; inflation development; transparency policy; money market rate; quarterly balance of payments; growth-enhancing investment; Medium-term fiscal policy; persistent inflation; Ireland's economy; Housing; Inflation; Corporate income tax; Credit; Global
Cover Selected Issues Papers
Drivers of Corporate Cash Holdings in Japan: Japan
Seho Kim
,
Pablo Lopez Murphy
, and
Rui Xu
In Japan, corporate savings have risen since 2000 in line with profits. A large share of the additional savings was kept as cash holdings (i.e., cash and short-term investments) rather than used for investment. Building on a rich literature, this paper identifies two additional drivers of corporate cash holdings using financial data of public and private Japanese firms. First, a higher share of intangible capital is associated with more cash holdings. This indicates the presence of financial frictions as intangible capital is not easily collateralizable. Such financial friction could be alleviated by shifting towards cash flow-based lending that is prevalent in the United States (US). Second, corporate tax cuts are associated with more cash holdings while having no significant effect on investment. Given the significant fiscal cost, the efficiency of corporate tax cuts should be re-evaluated.
Keywords:
Corporate cash holdings; Investment; intangible assets; financial frictions; tax cuts; Japan; cash holding; corporate tax tax cut; drivers of Corporate Cash Holdings; firm sample; short-term investment; Intangible capital; Corporate income tax; Effective tax rate; Tax allowances; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Germany: Selected Issues
International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
This Selected Issues paper explores wealth inequality and private savings in Germany. Trends in increasing corporate profits and gross savings have widened top income inequality, as corporations are typically owned by households in the top of the wealth distribution. The impact on income inequality is more pronounced in countries where the rise in profitability was a result of lower wage growth and labor income shares to start with, as was the case in Germany. The evidence strongly suggests this is not the case and underscores the important role of German business wealth concentration in this context. As high corporate savings and underlying profits largely reflect capital income accruing to wealthy households and increasingly retained in closely-held firms, the build-up of external imbalance has been accompanied by widening top income inequality, rising private savings and compressed consumption rates. The concentration of privately held and publicly listed firm ownership in the hands of industrial dynasties and institutional investors is especially prevalent in Germany, possibly reflecting distortions in firm entry, financing conditions and tax incentives.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; net; wealth inequality; accelerated depreciation; inequality loop; social security contribution rate; saving rate; labor tax wedge; Income inequality; Income; Corporate income tax; Income distribution; Private savings; Global; Europe; Eastern Europe
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Ireland: 2019 Article IV Consultation-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Ireland
International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
The Irish economy continues to expand strongly, benefitting from higher net exports by multinational enterprises and robust domestic demand. Accelerating wage growth reflects tight labor market conditions and inflation has started to pick up. Crisis legacies have diminished but some vulnerabilities persist. The outlook remains broadly positive, provided Brexit proceeds in an orderly manner. However, the economy operates near full capacity and an accelerating cyclical momentum could re-ignite a boom-bust dynamic. A no-deal Brexit represents the key downside risk, while escalation in global protectionism and sudden changes in corporate tax planning of multinational enterprises in Ireland could adversely affect the economy and public finances.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; government; Ireland; headline inflation; housing supply strategy; central bank of Ireland; liability positions vis-à-vis nonresident; welfare benefits system; IMF staff; potential GDP; Corporate income tax; Housing; Financial sector; Credit; Global; Europe
Cover IMF Working Papers
U.S. Investment Since the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017
Emanuel Kopp
,
Mr. Daniel Leigh
,
Susanna Mursula
, and
Suchanan Tambunlertchai
There is no consensus on how strongly the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) has stimulated U.S. private fixed investment. Some argue that the business tax provisions spurred investment by cutting the cost of capital. Others see the TCJA primarily as a windfall for shareholders. We find that U.S. business investment since 2017 has grown strongly compared to pre-TCJA forecasts and that the overriding factor driving it has been the strength of expected aggregate demand. Investment has, so far, fallen short of predictions based on the postwar relation with tax cuts. Model simulations and firm-level data suggest that much of this weaker response reflects a lower sensitivity of investment to tax policy changes in the current environment of greater corporate market power. Economic policy uncertainty in 2018 played a relatively small role in dampening investment growth.
Keywords:
WP; business investment; investment growth; capital expenditure; aggregate demand; employment behavior; firm level; Investment; fiscal policy; market power; uncertainty; investment response; growth impact; company markup; savings company; investment growth impact; response to the TCJA; Private investment; Corporate income tax; Capital spending; Employment; Global
Cover IMF Working Papers
Do Temporary Business Tax Cuts Matter? A General Equilibrium Analysis
William Gbohoui
This paper develops a dynamic general equilibrium model to assess the effects of temporary business tax cuts. First, the analysis extends the Ricardian equivalence result to an environment with production and establishes that a temporary tax cut financed by a future tax-increase has no real effect if the tax is lump-sum and capital markets are perfect. Second, it shows that in the presence of financing frictions which raise the cost of investment, the policy temporarily relaxes the financing constraint thereby reducing the marginal cost of investment. This direct effect implies positive marginal propensities to invest out of tax cuts. Third, when the tax is distortionary, the expectation of high future tax rates reduces the expected marginal return on investment mitigating the direct stimulative effects.
Keywords:
WP; proportional tax; Ricardian Equivalence; Corporate Tax Policy; Financing Friction; General Equilibrium; dividend constraint; equity issuance; dividend payment; irrelevance theorem; proportional tax tax rate; net investment effect; investment effect; dividend policy irrelevance theorem; firm investment; investment equation; financing constraint; financing decision; Stocks; Corporate income tax; Return on investment
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Canada: Selected Issues
International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.
Selected Issues
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; productivity growth; addressing housing supply constraint; housing affordability; LTV policy; LTV limit; rental housing; policy instrument; tax rate; Corporate income tax; Housing; Productivity; Labor productivity; Housing prices; Global; North America
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Ireland: 2018 Article IV Consultation-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Ireland
International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
This 2018 Article IV Consultation highlights that the Irish economy continues to grow at a rapid pace, well above the European Union average. Although headline data are distorted by the volatility of multinationals’ activity, the broad recovery of (modified) domestic demand (4 percent in 2017) underpins the expansion. Strong labor market performance brought the unemployment rate down to below 6 percent by April 2018. Although wage pressures emerged in some sectors, inflation remained subdued, mainly reflecting the pass-through of pound sterling depreciation. Public finances continued to improve on the back of strong output growth, while the public debt burden declined slightly to 68 percent of GDP. The outlook remains broadly positive but with externally-driven downside risks.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; market; proceeds; headline inflation; government; public finance; liability positions vis-à-vis nonresident; housing demand; government priority; crisis legacy issue; demand pressure; labor market condition; Housing; Housing prices; Corporate income tax; Income; Global
Cover Regional Economic Outlook, April 2018, Sub-Saharan Africa
Regional Economic Outlook, April 2018, Sub-Saharan Africa
Domestic Revenue Mobilization and Private Investment
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.

Abstract

The region is seeing a modest growth uptick, but this is not uniform and the medium-term outlook remains subdued. Growth is projected to rise to 3? percent in 2018, from 2? percent in 2017, on the back of improved global growth, higher commodity prices, and continued strong public spending. About ¾ of the countries in the region are predicted to experience faster growth. Beyond 2018, growth is expected to plateau below 4 percent, modestly above population growth, reflecting continued sluggishness in the oil-exporting countries and sustained growth in non-resource-intensive countries. A number of countries (Burundi, DRC, South Sudan, and parts of the Sahel) remain locked in internal conflict resulting in record levels of refugees and Internally Displaced Persons, with adverse spillovers to neighboring countries.

Keywords:
REO; country; Sub-Saharan Africa