Narrow Your Choices

Refine By Countries

Refine By Series

Refine By Language

Refine By Date

—

Refine By IMF Taxonomy

Refine By JEL Taxonomy

Refine by LOC Taxonomy

Refine By THEMA Taxonomy

  • Print
  • Save

Business and Economics > Public Finance

You are looking at 1 - 10 of 86 items for :

  • Type: Journal Issue x
  • Mining engineering. Metallurgy x
Clear All Modify Search
Cover Departmental Papers
State-Owned Enterprises in Middle East, North Africa, and Central Asia: Size, Costs, and Challenges
Mr. Ernesto Ramirez Rigo
,
Christine J. Richmond
,
Oluremi Akin Olugbade
,
Gareth Anderson
,
Maria Atamanchuk
,
Mr. Hatim Bukhari
,
Iacovos Ioannou
,
Deeksha Kale
,
Tannous Kass-Hanna
,
Mr. Maximilien Queyranne
,
Wei Shi
, and
Joyce Wong
Prior to the COVID-19 shock, the key challenge facing policymakers in the Middle East, North Africa, and Central Asia region was how to generate strong, sustainable, job-rich, inclusive growth. Post-COVID-19, this challenge has only grown given the additional reduction in fiscal space due to the crisis and the increased need to support the recovery. The sizable state-owned enterprise (SOE) footprint in the region, together with its cost to the government, call for revisiting the SOE sector to help open fiscal space and look for growth opportunities.
Keywords:
State-owned enterprises; corporate governance; fiscal risks; Middle East; Central Asia; COVID-19; SOE footprint; government support; SOE definition; SOE mandate; SOE sector; SOE governance; Public enterprises; Public sector; North Africa; Middle East and Central Asia; Global
Cover Departmental Papers
State-Owned Enterprises in Middle East, North Africa, and Central Asia: Size, Costs, and Challenges: Executive Summary
Mr. Ernesto Ramirez Rigo
,
Christine J. Richmond
,
Oluremi Akin Olugbade
,
Gareth Anderson
,
Maria Atamanchuk
,
Mr. Hatim Bukhari
,
Iacovos Ioannou
,
Deeksha Kale
,
Tannous Kass-Hanna
,
Mr. Maximilien Queyranne
,
Wei Shi
, and
Joyce Wong
Prior to the COVID-19 shock, the key challenge facing policymakers in the Middle East, North Africa, and Central Asia region was how to generate strong, sustainable, job-rich, inclusive growth. Post-COVID-19, this challenge has only grown given the additional reduction in fiscal space due to the crisis and the increased need to support the recovery. The sizable state-owned enterprise (SOE) footprint in the region, together with its cost to the government, call for revisiting the SOE sector to help open fiscal space and look for growth opportunities.
Keywords:
State-owned enterprises; corporate governance; fiscal risks; Middle East; Central Asia; COVID-19; SOE footprint; government support; SOE definition; SOE mandate; SOE sector; SOE governance; Public enterprises; Public sector; North Africa; Middle East and Central Asia; Global
Cover Departmental Papers
State-Owned Enterprises in Middle East, North Africa, and Central Asia: Size, Costs, and Challenges: Executive Summary
Mr. Ernesto Ramirez Rigo
,
Christine J. Richmond
,
Oluremi Akin Olugbade
,
Gareth Anderson
,
Maria Atamanchuk
,
Mr. Hatim Bukhari
,
Iacovos Ioannou
,
Deeksha Kale
,
Tannous Kass-Hanna
,
Mr. Maximilien Queyranne
,
Wei Shi
, and
Joyce Wong
Prior to the COVID-19 shock, the key challenge facing policymakers in the Middle East, North Africa, and Central Asia region was how to generate strong, sustainable, job-rich, inclusive growth. Post-COVID-19, this challenge has only grown given the additional reduction in fiscal space due to the crisis and the increased need to support the recovery. The sizable state-owned enterprise (SOE) footprint in the region, together with its cost to the government, call for revisiting the SOE sector to help open fiscal space and look for growth opportunities.
Keywords:
State-owned enterprises; corporate governance; fiscal risks; Middle East; Central Asia; COVID-19; SOE footprint; government support; SOE definition; SOE mandate; SOE sector; SOE governance; Public enterprises; Public sector; North Africa; Middle East and Central Asia; Global
Cover Departmental Papers
Social Spending for Inclusive Growth in the Middle East and Central Asia
Mr. Koshy Mathai
,
Mr. Christoph Duenwald
,
Ms. Anastasia Guscina
,
Rayah Al-Farah
,
Mr. Hatim Bukhari
,
Mr. Atif Chaudry
,
Moataz El-Said
,
Fozan Fareed
,
Mrs. Kerstin Gerling
,
Nghia-Piotr Le
,
Mr. Franto Ricka
,
Mr. Cesar Serra
,
Tetyana Sydorenko
,
Mr. Sébastien Walker
, and
Mr. Mohammed Zaher
This paper examines the role of social spending in improving socioeconomic outcomes in the Middle East and Central Asia. In particular, it addresses the following questions: (1) how large is social spending across the region? (2) how do countries in the region fare on socioeconomic outcomes? (3) how important is social spending as a determinant of these outcomes? and (4) how efficient is social spending in the region?
Keywords:
Social spending; Social protection; Inclusive growth; DPPP; DP; IMF staff calculation; spend; purchasing power parity; spending efficiency
Cover Departmental Papers
Social Spending for Inclusive Growth in the Middle East and Central Asia
Mr. Koshy Mathai
,
Mr. Christoph Duenwald
,
Ms. Anastasia Guscina
,
Rayah Al-Farah
,
Mr. Hatim Bukhari
,
Mr. Atif Chaudry
,
Moataz El-Said
,
Fozan Fareed
,
Mrs. Kerstin Gerling
,
Nghia-Piotr Le
,
Mr. Franto Ricka
,
Mr. Cesar Serra
,
Tetyana Sydorenko
,
Mr. Sébastien Walker
, and
Mr. Mohammed Zaher
This paper examines the role of social spending in improving socioeconomic outcomes in the Middle East and Central Asia. In particular, it addresses the following questions: (1) how large is social spending across the region? (2) how do countries in the region fare on socioeconomic outcomes? (3) how important is social spending as a determinant of these outcomes? and (4) how efficient is social spending in the region?
Keywords:
Social spending; Social protection; Inclusive growth; DPPP; DP; IMF staff calculation; spend; purchasing power parity; spending efficiency
Cover Departmental Papers
Social Spending for Inclusive Growth in the Middle East and Central Asia
Mr. Koshy Mathai
,
Mr. Christoph Duenwald
,
Ms. Anastasia Guscina
,
Rayah Al-Farah
,
Mr. Hatim Bukhari
,
Mr. Atif Chaudry
,
Moataz El-Said
,
Fozan Fareed
,
Mrs. Kerstin Gerling
,
Nghia-Piotr Le
,
Mr. Franto Ricka
,
Mr. Cesar Serra
,
Tetyana Sydorenko
,
Mr. Sébastien Walker
, and
Mr. Mohammed Zaher
This paper examines the role of social spending in improving socioeconomic outcomes in the Middle East and Central Asia. In particular, it addresses the following questions: (1) how large is social spending across the region? (2) how do countries in the region fare on socioeconomic outcomes? (3) how important is social spending as a determinant of these outcomes? and (4) how efficient is social spending in the region?
Keywords:
Social spending; Social protection; Inclusive growth; DPPP; DP; IMF staff calculation; spend; purchasing power parity; spending efficiency; IMF emergency financing operation; health care spending adequacy; care spending; public health care spending; wasteful spending; consumption expenditure; foreign-aid-funded spending; infant mortality; Health care spending; Education spending; Middle East and Central Asia; Global
Cover IMF Working Papers
Measuring Social Unrest Using Media Reports
Mr. Philip Barrett
,
Maximiliano Appendino
,
Kate Nguyen
, and
Jorge de Leon Miranda
We present a new index of social unrest based on counts of relevant media reports. The index consists of individual monthly time series for 130 countries, available with almost no lag, and can be easily and transparently replicated. Spikes in the index identify major events, which correspond very closely to event timelines from external sources for four major regional waves of social unrest. We show that the cross-sectional distribution of the index can be simply and precisely characterized, and that social unrest is associated with a 3 percentage point increase in the frequency of social unrest domestically and a 1 percent increase in neighbors in the next six months. Despite this, social unrest is not a better predictor of future social unrest than the country average rate.
Keywords:
WP; Arabic language; appendix E; political science; Social Unrest; Protest; Media; unrest events; RSUI event coding; terms OR; RSUI index; country-horizon pair; statistical analysis; RSUI data; Public expenditure review; Middle East; North Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; South America
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Tunisia: Request for Purchase Under the Rapid Financing Instrument-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Tunisia
International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept.
This paper discusses Tunisia’s Request for Purchase Under the Rapid Financing Instrument (RFI). The IMF financing will support the authorities’ emergency measures to contain the spread of the virus and mitigate its human, social, and economic toll amid unprecedented uncertainty. These measures involve raising health spending, strengthening social safety nets, and supporting small- and medium-sized firms hit by the crisis. The RFI is the most appropriate instrument to help address the urgent balance of payments need considering that too little time would have been left before the Extended Fund Facility expiration on May 19 to agree on the significant revisions to program objectives required in response to the Covid-19 shock. The IMF financing will also ensure an adequate level of international reserves and catalyze additional donor financing. The authorities are committed to maintaining prudent economic policies and resuming fiscal consolidation once the crisis abates to ensure macroeconomic stability and the sustainability of Tunisia’s debt. Macroeconomic stability and debt sustainability hinge on strong policy and reform implementation. The authorities are committed to resuming fiscal consolidation once the crisis abates.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; emergency assistance loan; government guarantee line; pandemic; Executive Board discussion; emergency support; Tunisian authorities; RFI purchase; Tunisia's economy; Credit; Loans; Imports; Global; Europe; Middle East; North Africa; East Africa; COVID-19
Cover IMF Working Papers
Operationalizing Inclusive Growth: Per-Percentile Diagnostics to Inform Redistribution Policies
Mr. Alexei P Kireyev
and
Andrei Leonidov
Inclusive growth, narrowly defined in this paper as growth that helps reduce inequality, is achieved if consumption of the poor increases faster than consumption of the rich. The paper presents a simple accounting framework for a per-percentile consumption diagnostics that could inform redistribution policies. The proposed framework is illustrated in application to Iraq and Tunisia.
Keywords:
WP; consumption expenditure; expenditure distribution; accounting framework; percentile policy; percentile targeting; percentile properties; per-percentile policy; observed per-capita consumption expenditure distribution; percentile change; changes in consumption expenditure; percentile consumption; percentile structure; Consumption; Inclusive growth; Consumption distribution; Income; Middle East; expenditure increase; expenditure pattern
Cover Regional Economic Outlook, October 2019, Middle East and Central Asia
Regional Economic Outlook, October 2019, Middle East and Central Asia
International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept.

Abstract

Growth in the near term remains subdued for oil exporters in the Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan, and Pakistan (MENAP) region, amid volatile oil prices, precarious global growth, elevated fiscal vulnerabilities, and heightened geopolitical tensions. In addition, declining productivity is dampening medium-term growth prospects. To reduce dependence on oil prices and pave the way for more sustainable growth, fiscal consolidation needs to resume, underpinned by improved medium-term fiscal frameworks. In parallel, structural reforms and further financial sector development would boost foreign direct investment (FDI) and domestic private investment and foster diversification, thus contributing to improved productivity and potential growth.

Keywords:
REO; IMF staff calculation; country; CCA country; oil exporter; CCA region; oil importer; Oil prices; Oil; Capital inflows; Middle East and Central Asia; Global; Middle East; Central Asia and the Caucasus; North Africa; country abbreviation