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Business and Economics > Public Finance

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Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Togo: First Review Under the Extended Credit Facility Arrangement-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Togo
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Following the shocks of recent years, fiscal expansion has helped preserve robust economic growth but has also pushed up Togo’s public debt and contributed to vulnerabilities in the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU). Further, despite the fiscal expansion, Togo’s progress towards the SDGs has slowed sharply. Meanwhile, undercapitalization of two important banks, while improving, has not been fully resolved so far and continues to threaten financial sector stability.
Keywords:
governance Diagnostic Assessment; staff appraisal; Togo authorities; government roadmap; IMF governance Diagnostic; IMF governance Diagnostic Assessment; Debt sustainability; Debt service; West Africa; Global; Sub-Saharan Africa; Africa
Cover High-Level Summary Technical Assistance Reports
Togo: Public Investment Management Assessment - PIMA and Climate PIMA
Laura A Gores
and
Gwenaelle Suc
An IMF team conducted a Climate Public Investment Management Assessment (C-PIMA) in Togo. The analysis identified emerging good practices for an effective management of public investment from a climate perspective, but also identified weaknesses throughout the public investment cycle that affect efficiency and effectiveness of infrastructure delivery in the face of climate change related challenges. The mission team identified seven high priority recommendations to improve public investment management from a climate change perspective.
Keywords:
Public investment management; climate change; Togo; IMF team; climate Pima; World Bank staff; investment project appraisal; C-PIMA evaluation; green budget statement; Public Investment Management Assessment (PIMA); Public investment spending; Climate policy; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Togo: Questions Générales
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Questions Générales
Keywords:
Questions Générales
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Togo: 2024 Article IV Consultation-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Togo
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
The 2024 Article IV Consultation discusses that Togo continues to face headwinds, including persistent challenges of food security and terrorist attacks, while broader development needs remain acute. In baseline projections, macroeconomic performance is expected to remain robust. Against a background of a substantial strengthening of fiscal revenue and a beginning of fiscal consolidation in 2023, the macroeconomic outlook is broadly favorable. Growth is expected to remain robust, while fiscal revenue is expected to rise further. There are no substantial domestic or external disequilibria, with low inflation and a well-contained current account deficit. The discussions focused on focused on how the Togolese authorities can best (1) anchor macroeconomic stability by ensuring fiscal consolidation to enhance debt sustainability; (2) conduct structural reforms to lay the basis for sustained growth; and (3) strengthen social inclusion to accelerate progress toward the Sustainable Development Goals and support medium-term growth prospects.
Keywords:
IMF Togo team; authorities' plan; government Roadmap; anti-corruption authority; IMF work program; resident representative; Debt sustainability; Debt sustainability analysis; Global; West Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Togo: Selected Issues
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
This Selected Issues paper analyzes Togo’s growth over the past two decades to provide a better understanding of the past and of the medium-term growth outlook. First, it describes historical growth using a narrative approach, identifying five distinct periods based on key growth drivers and growth outcomes. Second, the paper uses growth accounting to identify the historical drivers of growth from a production function perspective. It then estimates the path of historical (unobserved) potential gross domestic product using various statistical tools. All these analyses suggest that in a context of limited fiscal space, reaching growth of 5–6 percent per year over the medium term is possible but will require determined implementation of reforms to spur productivity and private investment. Togo's commitment to further enhance infrastructure investment and public enterprise service provision is most welcome and should continue. By maintaining a focus on efficiency, transparency, and inclusivity, Togo can lay the foundation for a prosperous future.
Keywords:
IMF staff calculation; climate trend; cash transfer; education outcome; infrastructure investment; health sector metrics; Public investment spending; Climate change; Private investment; Global; West Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Africa
Cover Selected Issues Papers
Securing Fiscal Discipline and Credibility in WAEMU: WAEMU
Ljubica Dordevic
and
Olivia Y Ibrahim
Fiscal consolidation and the reintroduction of the WAEMU fiscal framework is crucial for maintaining debt sustainability, external viability, and financial stability. The 3 and 70 percent of GDP deficit and debt ceilings envisaged by the expired rule remain appropriate, while addressing the stock-flow adjustments will help rebuild fiscal buffers. Convergence to a fiscal deficit of 3 percent of GDP should be ensured by 2025— barring exceptional circumstances—with focus on domestic revenue mobilization, while controlling expenditure. To secure fiscal discipline and credibility, it is essential to revamp the fiscal rule with a credible debt correction mechanism and exogenous escape clauses.
Keywords:
monetary union; fiscal policy; fiscal consolidation; fiscal rules; debt; stock flow adjustment; stock-flow adjustment; credibility in WAEMU; deficit ceiling; deficit target; deficit rule; Debt sustainability; Fiscal space; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
West African Economic and Monetary Union: Staff Report on Common Policies for Member Countries-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for the West African Economic and Monetary Union
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
This paper presents 2024 discussions on Common Policies of Member Countries of the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU). The WAEMU has proved resilient amid significant adverse shocks, maintaining strong growth estimated at 5.1 percent in 2023. Inflation has fallen rapidly from its 2022 peaks and is now back within the 1–3 percent target range. Fiscal policy needs to ensure a credible medium-term commitment to debt sustainability, while keeping deficits consistent with available financing. The financial sector has been resilient so far, but the banking sector’s exposures to governments require a medium-term plan to address the sovereign-bank nexus, while avoiding disruptions in the regional debt market. WAEMU’s prosperity will also depend on maintaining political cohesion, deepening economic integration, and strengthening the institutional framework, and infrastructure. Regional growth prospects would be enhanced by continued efforts to increase common productive capacity in energy, infrastructure, and food resilience, as called for in the WAEMU Commission’s Regional Development Strategy.
Keywords:
WAEMU convergence pact; policy advice; WAEMU institution; WAEMU member country; WAEMU member; Financial sector stability; Anti-money laundering and combating the financing of terrorism (AML/CFT); Fiscal consolidation; Credit; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Togo: Request for a 42-Month Arrangement Under the Extended Credit Facility-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Togo
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
This paper discusses Togo’s Request for a 42-Month Arrangement under the Extended Credit Facility (ECF). Togo continues to face headwinds, following a series of shocks in recent years. The ECF-arrangement will help accelerate poverty reduction, maintain macroeconomic stability, and catalyze further external financing, benefitting Togo and thereby contributing to the macroeconomic and external stability in the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU). The authorities will strengthen debt sustainability through a large fiscal consolidation in line with a dual fiscal anchor. By providing and catalyzing concessional financing for budget purposes, the program will help ease trade-offs between enhancing inclusion through higher social spending and strengthening debt sustainability. It will also help maintain macroeconomic and external stability in the WAEMU. In order to support growth and limit fiscal and financial sector risks, the authorities will strengthen public financial management, improve the business environment, and ensure the reform of the remaining state-owned bank that was not completed under preceding programs.
Keywords:
ECF program objective; The Fund; ECF arrangement; ECF program; financial support; government function; Debt sustainability; Commercial banks; Global; West Africa
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Togo: Demande d’un accord de 42 mois au titre de la facilité élargie de crédit-communiqué de presse; rapport des services du FMI; analyse de viabilité de la dette; annexe d’information; déclaration de l’administrateur pour le Togo
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Bien que sa croissance ait bien résisté aux chocs ces dernières années, le Togo fait face à un niveau élevé d’insécurité alimentaire et d’attaques terroristes, et ses besoins en matière de développement demeurent considérables. Les déficits budgétaires et la dette ont augmenté, ce qui a eu pour effet d’annuler la baisse de l’endettement obtenue au cours de la période de l’accord FEC de 2017–20, de réduire la marge de manoeuvre budgétaire et les réserves permettant d’absorber les chocs, et de contribuer aux vulnérabilités au sein de l’Union économique et monétaire ouestafricaine (UEMOA). Deux banques sous-capitalisées, l’une publique et l’autre récemment privatisée, font peser des risques sur la stabilité du secteur financier et sur les finances publiques. Les autorités sollicitent un soutien financier de 200 % de la quote-part du Togo (293,60 millions de DTS) dans le cadre d’un accord au titre de la FEC d’une durée de 42 mois.
Keywords:
Objectif du programme ECF; Le Fonds; Accord ECF; Programme ECF; un soutien financier; fonction gouvernementale; la viabilité de la dette; Banques commerciales; Global; Afrique occidentale.
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
West African Economic and Monetary Union: Financial Sector Assessment Program-Technical Note on Anti-Money Laundering and Combating the Financing Terrorism (AML-CFT) Supervision of the Banking Sector
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
This technical note discusses anti-money laundering and combating the financing terrorism (AML-CFT) supervision of the banking sector in West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU). The decision to focus on the AML/CFT supervision of the WAEMU banking sector was based on the remit of the regional authorities; the importance to the regional economy of a well-integrated and well-functioning banking sector; and the results of money laundering and terrorist financing national risk assessments conducted to date in West Africa, which identify banks as relatively high-risk financial institutions. The AML/CFT off-site supervision program feeds into the risk-rating process but is not itself risk-based and communication with supervised entities is insufficient. Feedback to banks as part of off-site supervision should be enhanced, the on-site inspection methodology should be sharpened, and the risk-based approach should be fully implemented. The observations and recommendations in this report are based on discussions with regional and national authorities and the private sector as well as a review of relevant templates.
Keywords:
IMF-World Bank Financial Sector Assessment Program; IMF finance competitiveness; staff team of the International Monetary Fund; TF risk; World Bank staff; FSAP's finding; Anti-money laundering and combating the financing of terrorism (AML/CFT); Commercial banks; Financial Sector Assessment Program; Internal controls; Bank supervision; West Africa; Global