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Business and Economics > Investments: Stocks

You are looking at 1 - 7 of 7 items for :

  • Type: Journal Issue x
  • Environmental Economics: Generale x
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Cover IMF Working Papers
Carbon Policy and Stock Returns: Signals from Financial Markets
Martina Hengge
,
Ugo Panizza
, and
Richard Varghese
Understanding the impact of climate mitigation policies is key to designing effective carbon pricing tools. We use institutional features of the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS) and high-frequency data on more than 2,000 publicly listed European firms over 2011-21 to study the impact of carbon policies on stock returns. After extracting the surprise component of regulatory actions, we show that events resulting in higher carbon prices lead to negative abnormal returns which increase with a firm's carbon intensity. This negative relationship is even stronger for firms in sectors which do not participate in the EU ETS suggesting that investors price in transition risk stemming from the shift towards a low-carbon economy. We conclude that policies which increase carbon prices are effective in raising the cost of capital for emission-intensive firms.
Keywords:
Carbon Emissions; Carbon Prices: Climate Change; Transition Risk; Stock Returns; carbon Policy surprise; investors price; carbon intensity; climate mitigation policy; EU ETS; Greenhouse gas emissions; Stocks; Asset prices; Climate change; Europe; Global; Emissions trading; stock return; carbon policy; EU Emissions Trading System; Climate policy
Cover Sistema de Contabilidad Ambiental y Económica 2012
Sistema de Contabilidad Ambiental y Económica 2012
marco central
United Nations
,
European Commission
,
Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations
,
International Monetary Fund
,
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development
, and
World Bank

Abstract

Los datos comparables y fiables que respaldan marcos analíticos y de política coherentes son imprescindibles para fundamentar los debates y orientar las políticas relativas a las interrelaciones entre la economía y el medio ambiente. El Sistema de Contabilidad Ambiental y Económica 2012: Marco central (Marco central SCAE) es un marco estadístico compuesto por conjunto integral de cuadros y cuentas, que guía la compilación de estadísticas e indicadores coherentes y comparables para la formulación de políticas y las tareas de análisis e investigación. Ha sido elaborado y publicado con el auspicio de las Naciones Unidas, la Comisión Europea, la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura, la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos, el Fondo Monetario Internacional y el Grupo Banco Mundial. El Marco central SCAE refleja las necesidades cambiantes de los usuarios, nuevos acontecimientos en el ámbito de la contabilidad de la economía ambiental y avances en la metodología de investigación.

Keywords:
M&G; SEEA Central Framework; enterprise
Cover System of Environmental-Economic Accounting 2012
System of Environmental-Economic Accounting 2012
Central Framework
United Nations
,
European Commission
,
Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations
,
International Monetary Fund
,
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development
, and
World Bank

Abstract

Comparable and reliable data supporting coherent analytical and policy frameworks are essential elements to inform debates and guide policy related to the interrelationships between the economy and the environment. "The System of Environmental-Economic Accounting 2012—Central Framework" (SEEA Central Framework) is a statistical framework consisting of a comprehensive set of tables and accounts, which guides the compilation of consistent and comparable statistics and indicators for policymaking, analysis and research. It has been produced and is released under the auspices of the United Nations, the European Commission, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, the International Monetary Fund, and the World Bank Group. The SEEA-Central Framework reflects the evolving needs of its users, new developments in environmental economic accounting and advances in methodological research.

Keywords:
M&G; SEEA Central Framework; enterprise
Cover Système de comptabilité économique et environnementale 2012
Système de comptabilité économique et environnementale 2012
Cadre central
United Nations
,
European Commission
,
Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations
,
International Monetary Fund
,
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development
, and
World Bank

Abstract

Des données comparables et fiables sous-tendant des cadres cohérents d'analyse et de politique publique constituent des éléments essentiels pour guider les débats et orienter les politiques liées aux interactions entre l'économie et l'environnement. Le cadre central du système de comptabilité économique et environnementale 2012 (SCEE) est un cadre statistique consistant en un ensemble complet de tableaux et de comptes qui guident l'établissement de statistiques et d'indicateurs cohérents et comparables aux fins d'élaboration de politiques, d'analyses et de recherches. Il est produit et publié conjointement par les Nations unies, la Commission européenne, l’Organisation des Nations Unies pour l’alimentation et l’agriculture, l'Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques, le FMI et le groupe de la Banque mondiale. Le cadre central du SCEE reflète l'évolution des besoins de ses utilisateurs, des pratiques en matière de comptabilité économique et environnementale et de la recherche méthodologique.

Keywords:
M&G; SEEA Central Framework; enterprise
Cover System of Environmental-Economic Accounting 2012
System of Environmental-Economic Accounting 2012
Central Framework
United Nations
,
European Commission
,
Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations
,
International Monetary Fund
,
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development
, and
World Bank

Abstract

Comparable and reliable data supporting coherent analytical and policy frameworks are essential elements to inform debates and guide policy related to the interrelationships between the economy and the environment. "The System of Environmental-Economic Accounting 2012—Central Framework" (SEEA Central Framework) is a statistical framework consisting of a comprehensive set of tables and accounts, which guides the compilation of consistent and comparable statistics and indicators for policymaking, analysis and research. It has been produced and is released under the auspices of the United Nations, the European Commission, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, the International Monetary Fund, and the World Bank Group. The SEEA-Central Framework reflects the evolving needs of its users, new developments in environmental economic accounting and advances in methodological research.

Keywords:
M&G; SEEA Central Framework; enterprise
Cover IMF Staff Position Notes
Financing the Response to Climate Change
Ms. Catherine A Pattillo
and
Mr. Hugh Bredenkamp
This note outlines a scheme for mobilizing financing to help developing countries confront the challenges posed by climate change. The idea is to create a “Green Fund” with the capacity to raise resources on a scale commensurate with the Copenhagen Accord ($100 billion a year by 2020). By providing a unified resource mobilization framework, with up-front agreement on burdensharing and the capacity to meet the financing needs identified at Copenhagen, the Green Fund could facilitate progress toward a binding global agreement on reducing greenhouse gas emissions and allow developing countries to begin scaling up their climate change responses without delay. To achieve the necessary scale, the Green Fund would use an initial capital injection by developed countries in the form of reserve assets, which could include SDRs, to leverage resources from private and official investors by issuing low-cost “green bonds” in global capital markets. Contributors could agree to scale their equity stakes in proportion to their IMF quota shares, making these the “key” for burden sharing among the contributing countries. Since much of the financing would need to be provided ultimately as grants or highly concessional loans, the fund would also need to mobilize subsidy resources from contributors. Governments would likely require new sources of fiscal revenue for this purpose, including from carbon taxes and expanded carbon-trading schemes, which may take time to put in place. In the interim, the Green Fund could cover its subsidy needs from bond proceeds, interest income on its reserve asset capital base, and/or revenues from other innovative international tax schemes. Resources mobilized by the Green Fund could be channeled through existing climate funds, or via newly created special-purpose disbursement facilities. We are not proposing that the IMF itself would create, finance, or manage the Green Fund. The ideas set out in this note are being offered purely for consideration by the international community, and as a contribution to the broader public debate.
Keywords:
SPN; fund; bond; resource; financing; proceeds
Cover IMF Working Papers
The Role of Credit Markets in a Transition Economy with Incomplete Public Information
Mr. Jorge Roldos
and
Kenneth Kletzer
In this paper we explore some of the informational problems that constrain the development of credit markets in transition economies. We characterize investment patterns under uncertainty and high costs of entry, when agents learn about the ultimate value of enterprises through production in a Bayesian way. Inefficiencies due to the lack of public information reduce the average return to capital. Under asymmetric information, credit would go to activities that can provide enough co-finance. Credit markets may fail to develop for a while if there is not enough individual wealth to complement credit. Once they operate, credit markets may magnify distortions in equity markets, such as those due to spontaneous privatization. An argument for the sequencing of capital market liberalization is provided.
Keywords:
WP; credit market; agency problem; present value; net revenue; state enterprise; representative firm; opportunity cost; market economy; Credit; Stock markets; Loans; Stocks; Eastern Europe