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Business and Economics > Investments: Stocks

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Cover IMF Working Papers
Drivers of Cross-Border Banking in Sub-Saharan Africa
Mr. Paul Henri Mathieu
,
Mr. Marco Pani
,
Shiyuan Chen
, and
Mr. Rodolfo Maino
Using data collected from pan-African banks’ (PABs), balance sheets and other sources (Orbis, Fitch), this study identifies some key patterns of cross-border investment in bank subsidiaries by key banking groups in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and discusses some of the determinants of this investment. Using a gravity model relating the annual value of a banking group’s investment in the net equity of its subsidiaries to a set of explanatory variables, the analysis finds that cross-border banking is in part driven by a search for yield, diversification, and expansion for strategic reasons.
Keywords:
WP; break; center; exchange rate; Cross-border banking flows; Bank leverage; Global banks; Group profitability; banking group variable; Group size; vis-à-vis intra-group; net equity; host country pair; bank subsidiary; pan-African banking groups; Exchange rates; Cross-border banking; Inflation; Stocks; Gravity models; Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Global; West Africa; North Africa
Cover IMF Working Papers
Foreign Direct Investment and Regional Trade Agreements: The Market Size Effect Revisited
Ms. Florence Jaumotte
The paper investigates whether the market size of a regional trade agreement (RTA) is a determinant of foreign direct investment (FDI) received by countries participating in the RTA. This hypothesis is tested on a sample of 71 developing countries during the period 1980-99. Evidence is found that the RTA market size had a positive impact on the FDI received by member countries, even more so in the 1990s when such agreements were revived and became more widespread. The size of domestic population also seemed to matter, possibly because of its effect on the availability of the labor supply. It appears, however, that not all countries in the RTA benefited to the same extent from the RTA: countries with a relatively more educated labor force and/or a relatively more stable financial situation tended to attract a larger share of FDI at the expense of their RTA partners. This evidence suggests it is essential for all RTA countries to improve their business environment to the best available in the region. Finally, a partial negative correlation between the FDI received by RTA countries and that received by non-RTA countries possibly reflects a diversion of FDI from non-RTA to RTA countries. As an illustration, FDI benefits are simulated from the creation of a regional trade agreement between Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia.
Keywords:
WP; market size; stock-to-GDP ratio; FDI inflow; Foreign direct investment; Regional trade agreements; Economic integration; Scale economies; RTA country; FDI stock-to-GDP ratio; FDI model; FDI benefit; Stocks; Financial sector stability; Infrastructure; Maghreb
Cover IMF Survey
IMF Survey, Volume 32, Issue 08
International Monetary Fund. External Relations Dept.
Speaking at the Thirty-Third Washington Conference of the Council of the Americas on April 29, IMF Managing Director Horst Köhler expressed optimism about Latin America’s growth prospects. Despite difficult economic times, he said, the people have indicated no desire to return to past authoritarian regimes, and several countries have recently reaffirmed their commitment to a market-based system. A summary of Köhle’s address, delivered at the U.S. Department of State, follows.
Keywords:
SV; IMF Concludes; IMF Approves; market; IMF's website; indicators seek; financial systems department; draft guide; IMF publication service; industry factor; Stock markets; Financial inclusion; Income; Poverty reduction; Stocks; Global; Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; Europe
Cover IMF Working Papers
Investment and Growth in the Middle East and North Africa
Amer Bisat
,
Mr. Mohamed A. El-Erian
,
Mr. Mahmoud El-Gamal
, and
Mr. Francesco P Mongelli
The paper considers investment and growth in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Notwithstanding cross-country differences, investment as a whole has been too low, too heavily tilted toward the public sector, too highly dependent on external influences, and less productive than in many other regions. Improving the region’s investment performance is critical if policymakers are to succeed in increasing the region’s economic growth rate. After discussing the relationship between investment and growth, the paper analyzes the investment responsiveness of various countries in the region and notes the policy priorities for strengthening the basis for rapid and sustained economic growth.
Keywords:
WP; MENA country; investment responsiveness; MENA region; MENA investment; investment performance; GDP ratio; investment challenge; investment decision; Stocks; Private investment; Capital productivity; Foreign direct investment; Public investment spending; Middle East; North Africa; East Africa; Asia and Pacific
Cover IMF Working Papers
Simple Analytics: Debt-Equity Swaps and Debt forgiveness
International Monetary Fund
This paper is concerned with debt-equity swaps in which foreign residents are a party to the exchange (i.e., it does not deal with flight capital), and with debt forgiveness. The seemingly unrelated issues of debt-equity swaps and debt forgiveness are jointly treated in this study, because debt forgiveness is in fact a special case of debt-equity swaps. Namely, it is a swap in which a positive amount of debt is exchanged for zero equity. For this reason these two problems have many common features.
Keywords:
WP; debt forgiveness; demand price; income effect; rate of return; debtor country; equity holding; marginal utility; productivity shock; Debt conversion; Stocks; Consumption; Income; Debt service payments; Global