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Business and Economics > Insurance

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Cover Consumer Price Index Manual, 2020
Consumer Price Index Manual, 2020
Concepts and Methods
International Monetary Fund
,
International Labour Office
,
Statistical Office of the European Communities
,
United Nations
,
World Bank
, and
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development

Abstract

The Consumer Price Index Manual: Concepts and Methods contains comprehensive information and explanations on compiling a consumer price index (CPI). The Manual provides an overview of the methods and practices national statistical offices (NSOs) should consider when making decisions on how to deal with the various problems in the compilation of a CPI. The chapters cover many topics. They elaborate on the different practices currently in use, propose alternatives whenever possible, and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each alternative. The primary purpose of the Manual is to assist countries in producing CPIs that reflect internationally recommended methods and practices.

Keywords:
cconsumer price index; CPI; CPI Manual; CPI concepts; CPI methods; CPI practice; CPI best practice; CPI international recommendations; CPI weights; CPI data; CPI compilation; CPI calculation; index formulas; scanner data; web scraping; CPI outlets; CPI publication; CPI dissemination; CPI sampling; CPI items; CPI varieties; CPI missing prices; CPI quality adjustment; CPI linking; CPI and SNA; CPI overview; CPI data collection; CPI uses; CPI definitions; M&G; reference period; price change; price collector; price collection; CPI compiler
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Grenada: Disaster Resilience Strategy
International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.
Natural disasters and climate change are existential threats to Grenada, with annual losses from these events estimated at 1.7 percent of GDP. Grenada has proactively pursued resilience-building, with its Climate Change Policy and National Adaptation Plan providing detailed roadmaps for policymakers. However, the challenges are increasing, including from slow-moving effects owing to the rising sea level, even as implementation capacity and resource constraints remain significant impediments. The COVID-19 pandemic has amplified those challenges by increasing risks and tightening Grenada’s fiscal space.
Keywords:
DRS Fiscal; post DISASTER; DRS between the IMF; DRS coverage; DRS direct costs; debt sustainability implication; Natural disasters; Climate change; Infrastructure; Insurance; Caribbean
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Dominica: Disaster Resilience Strategy
International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.
Dominica is among the countries most vulnerable to natural disasters and climate change. During 1997-2017, it was the country with highest GDP losses to climate-related natural disasters and ranked in the top 10 percent among 182 countries for climate-related fatalities. Following a huge devastation, owing to back-to-back major storms in 2015 and 2017, Dominica announced its intention to become the first disaster resilient nation. In 2019, it was agreed with the government that the Fund, in consultation and collaboration with other development partners, would provide support for preparing a Disaster Resilience Strategy (DRS), a comprehensive plan including policies, cost, and financing to build resilience against natural disasters.
Keywords:
DRS policy; D. DRS Cost; Dominica economy; financing gap; draft DRS; Natural disasters; Climate change; Infrastructure; Insurance; Caribbean; Global
Cover Consumer Price Index Manual, 2020
Consumer Price Index Manual, 2020
Concepts and Methods
Brian Graf

Abstract

The Consumer Price Index Manual: Concepts and Methods contains comprehensive information and explanations on compiling a consumer price index (CPI). The Manual provides an overview of the methods and practices national statistical offices (NSOs) should consider when making decisions on how to deal with the various problems in the compilation of a CPI. The chapters cover many topics. They elaborate on the different practices currently in use, propose alternatives whenever possible, and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each alternative. The primary purpose of the Manual is to assist countries in producing CPIs that reflect internationally recommended methods and practices.

Keywords:
cconsumer price index; CPI; CPI Manual; CPI concepts; CPI methods; CPI practice; CPI best practice; CPI international recommendations; CPI weights; CPI data; CPI compilation; CPI calculation; index formulas; scanner data; web scraping; CPI outlets; CPI publication; CPI dissemination; CPI sampling; CPI items; CPI varieties; CPI missing prices; CPI quality adjustment; CPI linking; CPI and SNA; CPI overview; CPI data collection; CPI uses; CPI definitions; M&G; reference period; price change; price collector; price collection; CPI compiler; Consumer price indexes; Price indexes; Consumption; Export fluctuations; Global; Europe; North America
Cover IMF Working Papers
With Great Power Comes Great Responsibility: Macroprudential Tools at Work in Canada
Mr. Ivo Krznar
and
Mr. James Morsink
The goal of this paper is to assess the effectiveness of the policy measures taken by Canadian authorities to address the housing boom. We find that the the last three rounds of macroprudential policies implemented since 2010 were associated with lower mortgage credit growth and house price growth. The international experience suggests that—in addition to tighter loan-to-value limits and shorter amortization periods—lower caps on the debt-to-income ratio and higher risk weights could be effective if the housing boom were to reignite. Over the medium term, the authorities could consider structural measures to further improve the soundness of housing finance.
Keywords:
WP; mortgage; LTV; loan; LTV ratio; housing market; mortgage insurance; macroprudential regulation; risk weight; mortgage credit; housing loan; guarantee cover; Mortgages; Loans; Housing prices; Housing; Credit; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Kingdom of the Netherlands-Aruba: Statistical Appendix
International Monetary Fund
The note gives statistical data on Aruba with regard to indicators of tourism activity, components of GDP, real GDP, contributions to real GDP, growth, changes in consumer price index, and legal minimum wages. The statistical data of operations of the central government, operational budget of the social insurance bank, financial balance, balance of payments summary, non-oil balance of payments summary are detailed. The balance sheets of bank-like institutions, life insurance companies, and pension funds are given along with utilities housing mortgage statistics.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; Aruba; web Aruba N.V.; interest cost; cost; goods; exports of goods; refinery product; net basis; CBS Aruba; refining fee; staff estimate; imports of goods; Imports; Exports; Gross fixed investment; Oil sector; Insurance
Cover IMF Working Papers
Irrational Exuberance in the U.S. Housing Market: Were Evangelicals Left Behind?
Mr. Christopher W. Crowe
The recent housing bust has reignited interest in psychological theories of speculative excess (Shiller, 2007). I investigate this issue by identifying a segment of the U.S. population-evangelical protestants-that may be less prone to speculative motives, and uncover a significant negative relationship between their population share and house price volatility. Evangelicals' focus on Biblical prophecy could account for this difference, since it may enable them to interpret otherwise negative events as containing positive news, dampening the response of house prices to shocks. I provide evidence for this channel using a popular internet measure of "prophetic activity" and a 9/11 event study. I also analyze survey data covering religious beliefs and asset holding, and find that 'end times' beliefs are associated with a one-third decline in net worth, consistent with these beliefs providing a form of psychic insurance (Scheve and Stasavage, 2006a and 2006b) that reduces asset demand.
Keywords:
WP; standard deviation; house prices; economics of Religion; asset price cycles; share of evangelical; dependent variable; growth series; price appreciation; population share; price volatility; evangelical area; Housing prices; Housing; Asset bubbles; Insurance; Middle East; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Denmark: Financial Sector Assessment Program: Technical Note: Pensions with Profit Contracts
International Monetary Fund
This technical note examines pensions with profit contracts in Denmark. The Danish life insurance and pension sector is sensitive to a range of risks on both the asset and liability side of the balance sheet. One of the principal vulnerabilities for the sector arises out of the requirement to achieve a high guaranteed return for the duration of “in-force” policies. Although several measures have been implemented to increase provisions and capital, and for hedging interest rate risk through derivatives, the overall risk in the pension sector still needs to be closely monitored.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; yield; return on equity; market yield; guarantied yield; return option; interest rate exposure; investment return; yield environment; guarantee level; net interest rate sensitivity; Insurance; Insurance companies; Pension spending; Pensions; Return on investment; Europe
Cover IMF Working Papers
Ambiguity, Transparency, and Institutional Strength
Mr. S. Nuri Erbas
Institutional transparency makes future contingencies more easily predictable for investors. Greater transparency can be achieved through vertical and horizontal integration of policy rules, which may result in lower Knightian uncertainty (ambiguity). In a model based on cumulative prospect theory, for a given probability and payoff structure, expected return on investment is higher in more transparent countries; therefore, those countries attract more investment and grow faster than less transparent countries. Lower transparency may result in inherently higher volatility.
Keywords:
WP; horizontal integration; expected return; vertical integration
Cover A Manual on Statistics of International Trade in Services
A Manual on Statistics of International Trade in Services
International Monetary Fund

Abstract

The Manual sets out an internationally agreed framework for the compilation and reporting of statistics on international trade in services in the broad sense. It addresses the growing need, including in international trade negotiations and agreements, for more detailed, comparable, and comprehensive statistics on this type of trade in its various forms. The recommendations will enable countries to progressively expand and structure the information they compile in an internationally comparable way. The Manual conforms with and explicitly relates to the System of National Accounts 1993 and the fifth edition of the IMF’s Balance of Payments Manual. It is published jointly by the United Nations, European Union, IMF, OECD, UNCTAD, and World Trade Organization.

Keywords:
M&G; trade; non-resident trade; provision; supplier; trade statistics; transaction; service supplier; services enterprise; trade negotiator; company J; international trade; Trade in services; Transportation; Financial activity tax; Insurance; Foreign direct investment; Global