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Business and Economics > Insurance

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Cover IMF Working Papers
Barriers to Trade in Financial and Insurance Services: Evidence from the United Kingdom
Jiri Podpiera
Distance, as a proxy for trade barriers, is found in many studies to matter even for weightless cross-border financial investments and lending, possibly due to the presence of information asymmetries. Its importance is tested in this paper using exports of all five broad categories of the U.K.’s financial and insurance services. No trade barriers are found for the bulk of the U.K.’s exports. Trade barriers are confirmed only for interest-bearing activities – being in line with available results in the literature. The positive effect of EU membership appears to be small. Notwithstanding the uncertainties, it suggests that post-Brexit disruptions of the U.K.’s export of financial and insurance services may be minor.
Keywords:
Export; Gravity Model; Financial Services; Insurance; Censored Regression; insurance service; A. financial services; U.K.'s export; evidence from the United Kingdom; U.K.'s export value; Exports; Trade barriers; Service exports; Global; export of financial service; export destination country population; EU membership; services from the U.K.
Cover Finance & Development
Finance & Development, September 1970
International Monetary Fund. External Relations Dept.
This paper analyzes the impact of economic development on the environment. The paper highlights that the environmental impact of the industrial process includes everything from the effects of withdrawing the inputs for industry from nature, through the effects of transforming the inputs into salable products, the effects of using the products, and the effects of disposing of what remains after the product no longer has an economic use. The heart of the problem is that almost none of these impacts of industrial processes can readily be costed.
Keywords:
FD; F&D; fund; fund quota; quota; holding; crop insurance; IFC membership; IDA commitment; General account; Insurance; Gold; Commercial banks; Currencies; Trade liberalization; Africa; East Africa; North America; Asia and Pacific; Southeast Asia