CESEE banks are reducing foreign funding sources in response to reduced external imbalances, reduced ability to tap international savings, banking group own strategies, initiatives by some regulators, and consistently with uncertainties surrounding the future of the banking union project. In the medium term, the global regulatory agenda and the high foreign presence and stock of FX loans exert opposite forces on rebalancing trends. In the long-term, any funding “new normal” will be determined by the future design of the EU financial architecture. In the meantime, limiting leverage, the use of FX loans and promoting aggregate saving through macro policies and capital market reforms will increase resilience against shocks going forward.
This paper presents an update to the Report on the Observance of Standards and Codes (ROSC) for Banking Supervision, Data Module, Fiscal Transparency Module, Insurance Supervision, Payment Systems, Securities Supervision, and Transparency in Monetary and Financial Policies for the Republic of Estonia. Beginning from January 1, 2002, the unified Estonian Financial Supervision Authority is responsible for banking, insurance, and securities market supervision. Relevant provisions to the Credit Institutions Act (Article 84) were extended to managers of shareholders and to companies in which managers hold a qualifying interest.