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Business and Economics > Insurance

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Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Denmark: Financial Sector Assessment Program-Technical Note-Insurance Regulation and Supervision
International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
Denmark’s insurance sector is highly developed with a particularly high penetration and density in the life sector. Traditionally, work-related life insurance and pension savings are offered as a combined package, and life insurance companies dominate the market for mandatory pension schemes for employees. The high penetration explains the overall size of the insurance sector, which exceeds those of peers from other Nordic countries and various other EU member states. Assets managed by the insurance industry amounted to 146 percent of the GDP at end-2018, compared to 72 percent for the EU average.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; risk assessment; business intelligence tool; insurance undertaking; DFSA plan; DFSA data; DFSA staff; DFSA supervision; insurance sector; insurance supervisor; covered bond; Insurance companies; Insurance; Solvency; Pension spending; Insurance supervision; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Euro Area Policies: Financial Sector Assessment Program-Technical Note-Insurance, Investment Firm, and Macroprudential Oversight
International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
While national authorities are still largely responsible for supervising the nonbank sector and applying the macroprudential framework, European Union (EU)-level organizations’ supervisory role is growing. Further convergence and strengthening of supervision of insurers and investment firms is consistent with the goals of an EU single market and financial stability. The macroprudential framework functions well but could be simplified and expanded to cover aspects of the nonbank sector.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; interest rate; single market; coverage ratio; credit institution; financial activity; market structure; parent company; group assets; Insurance companies; Insurance; Solvency; Macroprudential policy; Global
Cover IMF Working Papers
Variance Decomposition Networks: Potential Pitfalls and a Simple Solution
Mr. Jorge A Chan-Lau
Diebold and Yilmaz (2015) recently introduced variance decomposition networks as tools for quantifying and ranking the systemic risk of individual firms. The nature of these networks and their implied rankings depend on the choice decomposition method. The standard choice is the order invariant generalized forecast error variance decomposition of Pesaran and Shin (1998). The shares of the forecast error variation, however, do not add to unity, making difficult to compare risk ratings and risks contributions at two different points in time. As a solution, this paper suggests using the Lanne-Nyberg (2016) decomposition, which shares the order invariance property. To illustrate the differences between both decomposition methods, I analyzed the global financial system during 2001 – 2016. The analysis shows that different decomposition methods yield substantially different systemic risk and vulnerability rankings. This suggests caution is warranted when using rankings and risk contributions for guiding financial regulation and economic policy.
Keywords:
WP; insurance company; life insurance; SHINKONG insurance co Ltd; networks; interconnectedness; systemic risk; regularization techniques; global financial system; variance decomposition; VAR; state bank; partial correlation; BEJNG Co.; SCOR SE; Wells fargo; casualty company Ltd; Erie indemnity Co; Insurance companies; Insurance; Vector autoregression; Commercial banks; Africa; Global; Asia and Pacific
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Germany: Financial Sector Assessment Program-Stress Testing the Banking and Insurance Sectors-Technical Notes
International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
This paper assesses Germany’s financial system and, in particular, its potential for spillover risk. The analysis comprises structural and financial statement analyses, detailed stress tests for banks and insurance companies, and spillover risk analysis. Solvency and liquidity stress tests cover all 1,776 banks operating in Germany, and insurance-sector analysis covers 93 percent of the life insurance sector in terms of the assets. Germany is highly interconnected through trade and financial channels. The total consolidated claims of German banks on foreign banks, nonbank private sector, and public sector stood at about $1.7 trillion in the second quarter of 2015, with the majority of cross-border exposures vis-à-vis France, Italy, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; mortgage bank; coverage ratio; valuation loss; asset quality; banking sector; hurdle rate; fixed income; Insurance companies; Commercial banks; Stress testing; Insurance; Solvency; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Germany: Financial Sector Assessment Program-Insurance Sector Supervision-Technical Notes
International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
This paper provides an update on the German insurance sector and an analysis of certain key aspects of the regulatory and supervisory regime. It includes an analysis of German practice in relation to selected Insurance Core Principles in the context of a wider discussion of key issues in regulation and supervision. This technical note focuses mainly on recent developments in the sector and key vulnerabilities, including life insurance issues, those vulnerabilities associated with the continuing low interest rate environment; the preparations of the authorities and industry for the implementation of the Solvency II requirements; and the supervisory approach to large insurance groups.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; Solvency II; insurance group; approach to group supervision; fixed income; parent company; supervisory view; ZZR requirement; Solvency II implementation; company level; business organization; reinsurance company; Solvency II requirement; companies' position; Solvency II SCR; a number of company; risk assessment; Insurance companies; Solvency; Insurance; Accounting standards; Global systemically important insurers; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Slovak Republic: 2015 Article IV Consultation-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Slovak Republic
International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
This 2015 Article IV Consultation highlights that Slovakia remains among Europe’s stronger economies, with growth continuing to pick up in 2015, driven by strong domestic demand. A push to spend expiring European Union funds has underpinned rising investment while job creation and real wage growth have supported private consumption. Unemployment has fallen significantly since 2013, but is still about 11 percent overall, and is much higher for the long-term unemployed, youth, and women. The outlook is favorable with growth of 3–3.5 percent expected through the medium-term, reflecting sustained domestic demand as well as further contributions from the important export sector as substantial additional foreign auto sector investment is planned.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; energy company Enel; energy company; ente nazionale per l'energia elettrica; student housing cost; carmaker Jaguar Land Rover; energy company EPH; staff appraisal; Labor markets; Unemployment; Loans; Europe; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
France: Selected Issues
International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
This Selected Issues paper analyzes expenditure reforms in France. After decades of rising public spending and successive tax increases, the medium-term fiscal consolidation path described in the 2015 Stability Program is now fully expenditure based. However, recent efforts of nominal spending containment have not delivered the intended savings in the context of low growth and inflation. A thorough review of the efficiency of public spending could help prepare more fundamental reforms of spending programs and processes to underpin a lasting reduction in expenditures, which reached a record high of 57.2 percent of GDP in 2014.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; center; local government; product market reform; bank; pay; product market regulation; social spending; growth ceiling; targeted expenditure review; Labor markets; Employment; Minimum wages; Unemployment; Europe; Global
Cover The Economics of Public Health Care Reform in Advanced and Emerging Economies
The Economics of Public Health Care Reform in Advanced and Emerging Economies
Mr. David Coady
,
Mr. Benedict J. Clements
, and
Mr. Sanjeev Gupta

Abstract

Using cross-country analysis and case studies, this book provides new insights and potential policy responses for the key fiscal policy challenges that both advanced and emerging economies will be facing.

Keywords:
BOOK; spending; health system; health outcome; cost; EAP country; health spending; OECD health data; Health care spending; Health care; Insurance; Global; Asia and Pacific; Europe; East Asia; Africa; system efficiency; Caribbean
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Germany: Financial Sector Assessment Program: Detailed Assessment of Observance on Insurance Core Principles
International Monetary Fund
Insurance regulation and supervision is of a high standard, and most of the enhancements suggested have been put in place. Further enhancements will be required, in the context of the forthcoming introduction of Solvency II requirements, in such areas as the frequency of onsite inspections, the enhancement of resources, and stability analysis. The government acknowledges the need to continue to develop supervisory capacity. Most of the requirements and supervisory tools, which are in use for the supervision of primary insurers, are also applied to the reinsurers.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; risk management; life insurance; management board; corporate governance; insurance undertaking; insurance supervision; supervisory authority; risk profile; nonlife insurer; remedy insurance fraud; advisory council; accident insurance; internal audit; Insurance companies; Insurance; Solvency; Insurance supervision; Internal controls; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Switzerland: 2009 Article IV Consultation: Staff Report; Public Information Notice on the Executive Board Discussion; and Statement by the Executive Director for Switzerland
International Monetary Fund
Switzerland is affected by the global crisis through the stock effect, the flow effect, and the trade effect. Along with a sharp contraction in exports, investments are now being postponed. Consumption has held up well so far, but as unemployment rises, household spending will lose momentum. The Swiss National Bank has appropriately loosened monetary policy, bringing the policy rates almost to zero. Maintaining financial stability will be essential for ensuring macroeconomic stability and growth in Switzerland.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; Switzerland; introduced SNB bill; repo transaction; asset; SNB balance sheet; monetary policy stance; IMF staff projection; headline inflation; Financial sector; Income; Insurance companies; Insurance; Global; Asia and Pacific