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Business and Economics > Finance: General

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Cover FinTech Notes
Estimating the Impact of Digital Money on Cross-Border Flows: Scenario Analysis Covering the Intensive Margin
Eugenio M Cerutti
,
Melih Firat
, and
Hector Perez-Saiz
Digital money and digital payments innovations have the potential for improving cross-border payments by reducing costs, enhancing speed, and improving transparency. This note performs an empirical analysis of the potential impact of digital money on the volume and transaction costs of cross-border payments, with a focus on the short-term intensive margin. The market of cross-border payments is very large, with retail transactions having a low share of the total but the highest transaction costs, particularly for remittances. Our illustrative scenarios assume an estimated 60 percent reduction in transaction costs and short-term elasticities to changes in costs estimated from remittances data. The results show two outcomes. First, the cross-border volume increases could be sizable for countries that are large remittance recipients and face expensive transaction costs. Second, even with a large drop in transaction costs, the short-term rise in global cross-border transaction volumes could be limited as a result of the low transaction costs of the wholesale segment. Moving outside the short-term intensive margin, the impact could potentially be much larger as digital currencies and other digital payments innovations—together with tokenization of assets on programmable platforms—could move the financial system into a transformative new era by fostering financial development and promoting further inclusion across borders.
Keywords:
Digital money; cross-border payments; transaction costs; digital payments; payments innovation; cross-border payment; scenario analysis; IMF Fintech Brownbag Seminar; IMF seminar; Remittances; Central Bank digital currencies; Anti-money laundering and combating the financing of terrorism (AML/CFT); Correspondent banking; Global
Cover Summary Proceedings of the Sixty-Second Annual Meetings 2008
Summary Proceedings of the Sixty-Second Annual Meetings 2008
International Monetary Fund

Abstract

The speeches made by officials attending the IMF–World Bank Annual Meetings are published in this volume, along with the press communiqués issued by the International Monetary and Financial Committee and the Development Committee at the conclusion of the meetings.

Keywords:
AS; fund surveillance; boards of governors of the International Monetary Fund; financial crisis; committee chairman; lending role; managing director of the International Monetary Fund; surveillance agenda; Climate change; Food prices; Inflation; Global; Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Europe; Caribbean; West Africa
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Vanuatu: Background Paper
International Monetary Fund
This Background Paper on Vanuatu reviews the development of monetary control instruments in five small island economies in the South Pacific (Fiji, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Vanuatu, and Western Samoa) and draws some lessons from their experience. The paper highlights that, except Solomon Islands which have extraordinarily high credit demand from the government, these economies have large structural excess liquidity in the banking system. The paper describes the financial sector in the five economies and analyzes the background for large excess liquidity. It also reviews the developments of monetary instruments in these economies from a comparative perspective.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; central bank securities; broad money; money bank; balance sheet; foreign currency; operating income; liquid asset ratio; central bank profit; excess liquidity; deposit-credit gap; Central bank bills; Bank deposits; Excess liquidity; Liquidity; Deposit rates; Pacific Islands