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Business and Economics > Finance: General

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Cover IMF Working Papers
Environmental Policies and Innovation in Renewable Energy
Luca Bettarelli
,
Davide Furceri
,
Pietro Pizzuto
, and
Nadia Shakoor
This paper investigates the effect of Climate Change Policies (CCPs) on green innovation, for a sample of 40 advanced and emerging market economies and 5 economic sectors, during the period 2000-2021. Our results suggest that CCPs increase green patents, with the effect increasing gradually over time. The effect is larger for non-market-based policies—such as R&D subsidies—and technology-support instruments, in countries with greater competitiveness and during periods of stronger economic activity—that is, higher GDP growth, lower uncertainty and financial stress. The results based on a difference-in-differences approach suggest that the positive effect of stricter CCPs on green innovation is stronger in sectors with limited financial constraints.
Keywords:
green patents; climate change policy; diff-in-diff approach; innovation; effect of Climate Change Policies; CCPS increase; innovation in renewable energy; technology-support instrument; technology-support policy; Environmental policy; Renewable energy; Climate policy; Competition; Climate change; Global
Cover Finance & Development
Finance & Development, December 2022: The Scramble for Energy
International Monetary Fund. Communications Department
Finance & Development, December 2022
Keywords:
energy transition; West Indies cricket team; fossil fuel use; energy consumption; West Indies cricket journey; Renewable energy; Fuel prices; Non-renewable resources; Energy prices; Electricity; Europe; Global; Caribbean; Africa; Baltics
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
France: Selected Issues
International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
Selected Issues
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; EU Green deal; EU greenhouse gases; zombie firm; France's GHG emission contribution; productivity slowdown
Cover World Economic Outlook, October 2020
World Economic Outlook, October 2020
A Long and Difficult Ascent
International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.

Abstract

The global economy is climbing out from the depths to which it had plummeted during the Great Lockdown in April. But with the COVID-19 pandemic continuing to spread, many countries have slowed reopening and some are reinstating partial lockdowns to protect susceptible populations. While recovery in China has been faster than expected, the global economy’s long ascent back to pre-pandemic levels of activity remains prone to setbacks.

Keywords:
pandemic; great locdown; climate; climate mitigation; recession; COVID-19; WEO; commodity market development; IMF executive board discussion; debtor economy; lockdown measure; advanced economy; lockdown stringency index; lockdown tightening; impact of lockdown; lockdown index; Carbon tax; Climate change; Greenhouse gas emissions; Non-renewable resources; Global; Europe; Middle East and Central Asia; Asia and Pacific; Sub-Saharan Africa
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Belize: Selected Issues
International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.
This paper discusses three important sectors of Belize economy: financial, sugar market, and energy. Belize’s banking system has continued to strengthen since the 2014 Article IV Consultation in June 2014. Despite recent improvements, some banks’ balance sheets are still weak and exposed to adverse macroeconomic developments. The sugar sector makes a very important contribution to Belize’s economy. The sector is estimated to account for about 4-5 percent of GDP, 9-10 percent of total exports, 8 percent of employment, and 5-6 percent of foreign exchange earnings. But the reform of EU sugar regime, scheduled to take full effect in 2017, will most likely cause a significant drop in the EU sugar price.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; Belize; rate; Belize energy sector; biomass; sugar price; energy policy framework; electric power grid; Co-Generation Energy Limited; sugar sector; EU reform; Belize's energy efficiency; Agricultural commodities; Commercial banks; Credit bureaus; Loans; Nonperforming loans; Caribbean; Global; Central America; Europe