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Business and Economics > Finance: General

You are looking at 1 - 7 of 7 items for :

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Cover IMF Working Papers
We Are All in the Same Boat: Cross-Border Spillovers of Climate Risk through International Trade and Supply Chain
Are assets in a landlocked country subject to sea-level rise risk? In this paper, we study the cross-border spillovers of physical climate risks through international trade and supply chain linkages. As we base our findings on historical data between 1970 and 2018, we observe that globalization increased the similarity of countries’ global climate risk exposures. Exposures to foreign climatic disasters in major trade partner countries (both upstream and downstream) lower the home-country stock market valuation for the aggregate market and for the tradable sectors. We also find that exposures to foreign long-term climate change risks reduce the asset price valuations of the tradable sectors at home. Findings in this paper suggest that climate adaptation efforts in a country can have positive externalities on other countries’ macrofinancial performance and stability through international trade.
Keywords:
climate risk; financial spillover; supply chain; financial stability; WP; risk exposure; disaster damage; spillover index; exposure measure; assets ratio; expected return; Climate change; Stock markets; Foreign currency exposure; Financial sector; Natural disasters; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
United States: Financial Sector Assessment Program-Technical Note-Insurance Supervision and Regulation
International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
This Technical Note (TN) is a targeted review of cross-cutting themes building on the detailed assessment of the Insurance Core Principles (ICPs) conducted in 2015. The targeted review was chosen, in part, due to the performance of the U.S. insurance regulatory system in the 2015 detailed assessment where it was assessed that the U.S. observed 8 ICPs, largely observed 13 ICPs and partly observed 5 ICPs. The analysis relied on a targeted self-assessment against a subset of ICPs covering valuation and solvency, risk management, conduct, winding-up, corporate governance and enforcement, and the objectives, powers and responsibility of supervisors. The choice of subjects covered in this review is based on those aspects most significant to financial stability and a follow-up on key recommendations from the 2015 detailed assessment. The focus of the analysis has been on the state-based system of regulation and supervision, reflecting the existing institutional setup.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; insurance regulator; holding company; life insurance; risk management; balance sheet; financial condition; State insurance act; state insurance department; State insurance regulator; State regulator; federal government; Insurance companies; Insurance; Natural disasters; Financial statements; Solvency; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
St. Vincent and the Grenadines: 2014 Article IV Consultation-Staff Report
International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.
This 2014 Article IV Consultation highlights that St. Vincent and the Grenadines’ economic recovery from the global economic crisis has been curbed by a series of significant natural disasters. These, combined with the economic downturn following the global financial crisis, have prevented the economy from returning to its long-term potential real GDP growth. The overall fiscal balance is estimated to have narrowed to 4.75 percent of GDP in 2014. After an estimated 1.1 percent growth rate in 2014, growth is projected to pick up modestly to 2.1 percent in 2015 on improvements in tourism and agriculture and enhanced implementation of much-needed rehabilitation and reconstruction projects.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; GDP; loan; government; government of St. Vincent and the Grenadines; IDB lending; CARTAC mission; lending capacity; building and loan association; concessionary loan resource; public finance; Natural disasters; Credit bureaus; Caribbean; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
United States: Staff Report for the 2015 Article IV Consultation
International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.
This 2015 Article IV Consultation highlights that the U.S. economy’s momentum in the first quarter of 2015 was sapped by unfavorable weather, a sharp contraction in oil sector investment, and the West Coast port strike. But the underpinnings for a continued expansion remain in place. A solid labor market, accommodative financial conditions, and cheaper oil should support a more dynamic path for the remainder of the year. Despite this, the weaker outturn in the first few months of 2015 will unavoidably pull down 2015 growth. Despite important policy uncertainties, the near-term fiscal outlook has improved, and the federal government deficit is likely to move modestly lower in the current fiscal year.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; article IV discussion; rate; housing data; core PCE inflation; liability positions vis-à-vis nonresident; staff appraisal; personal income growth; Inflation; Central bank policy rate; Output gap; Financial sector risk; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
United States: Selected Issues
International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.
This Selected Issues paper on the United States of America examines the recent US labor force penetration rate (LFPR) dynamics. LFPR dynamics can be driven by structural factors and cyclical ones related to job prospects. With participation rates for older workers lower than for prime age workers, demographic models suggest that aging of the baby boom generation explains about 50 percent of the near 3p.p. LFPR decline during 2007–2013. State-level panel regression analysis is used to tie down the cyclical effect, which is estimated to account for about 30–40 percent of the decline. Significant remaining slack in the labor market points to an important role for macroeconomic and labor supply policies. This suggests a still important role for stimulative macroeconomic policies to help reach full employment. Macroeconomic policy should remain accommodative for a while given sizeable labor market slack. This slack goes beyond that signaled by the unemployment rate and takes account of the LFPR being below trend and many employees working part time ‘involuntarily’.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; TFP growth; federal funds rate; LFPR decline; fed fund; policy uncertainty; Fed funds lending; LFPR dynamics; Total factor productivity; Unemployment; Aging; Central bank policy rate; Global; Caribbean; North America; Europe
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
British Virgin Islands: Financial Sector Assessment Program Update: Detailed Assessment of Basel Core Principles for Effective Banking Supervision
International Monetary Fund
The Banks and trust Companies Act, Financial Services Commission Act, and the Regulatory Act are considered for banking supervision. The assessment is also based on a self-assessment prepared by the Financial Services Commission (FSC). British Virgin Islands (BVI) law provides three classes of banking licenses. The preconditions for effective banking supervision are present in the BVI. The FSC has sufficient autonomy, powers, and resources with clear responsibilities and objectives. The FSC does not impose specific limits on investments but reviews bank-imposed limits. The FSC has a well-developed system of ongoing supervision in place.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; bank; FSC staff; FSC reviews compliance; BVI bank; capital base; FSC onsite inspection; parent bank; shell bank; license bank; subsidiary bank; FSC's policy; reviews bank-imposed limit; overseas bank; Bank supervision; Market risk; Basel Core Principles; Bank licensing; Caribbean; East Asia; Global
Cover IMF Working Papers
Trade, Inequality, and the Political Economy of Institutions
Mr. Andrei A Levchenko
and
Quý Toàn Ðo
We analyze the relationship between international trade and the quality of economic institutions, such as contract enforcement, rule of law, and property rights. In our model, firms differ in their preferences for institutional quality, which is determined endogenously in a political economy framework. We show that trade opening can worsen institutions when it increases the political power of a small elite of large exporters who prefer to maintain bad institutions. The detrimental effect of trade on institutions is most likely to occur when a small country captures a sufficiently large share of world exports in sectors characterized by economic profits.
Keywords:
WP; fixed cost