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Business and Economics > Finance: General

You are looking at 1 - 10 of 41 items for :

  • Type: Journal Issue x
  • Other Economic Systems: Public Economics; Financial Economics x
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Cover IMF Working Papers
The Nature of Islamic Banking and Solvency Stress Testing - Conceptual Considerations
Andreas Jobst
and
Mr. Juan Sole
This paper provides a conceptual overview of key aspects of the design and implementation of solvency stress testing of Islamic banks. Based on existing regulatory standards and prudential practice, the paper explains how Islamic finance principles and their impact on various risk drivers affect the capital assessment of asset-oriented financial intermediation under stress. The formal specification of these risk factors helps operationalize and integrate the stress testing of Islamic banks within established frameworks for financial stability analysis.
Keywords:
WP; stress testing; Islamic banking; Islamic finance principles; capital adequacy; shari’ah compliance.; Islamic bank; rate of return; market risk; operating income; interest rate; deposit base; financial system; asset performance; liabilities consist; Market risk; Credit risk; Islamic finance; Global; Middle East and Central Asia; Southeast Asia; Africa; counterparty risk of a bank; DCR bank; investment risk reserve; investment risk; counterparty risk; asset impairment; E. market risk
Cover Law & Financial Stability
Law & Financial Stability
International Monetary Fund. Legal Dept.

Abstract

This volume comprises a selection of papers prepared in connection with a high-level seminar on Law and Financial Stability held at the IMF in 2016. It examines, from a legal perspective, the progress made in implementing the financial regulatory reforms adopted since the global financial crisis and highlights the role of the IMF in advancing these reforms and charting the course for a future reform agenda, including the development of a coherent international policy framework for resolution and resolution planning. The book’s unique perspective on the role of the law in promoting financial stability comes from the contribution of selected experts and representatives from our membership who share their views on this subject.

Keywords:
BOOK; bank; authority; central bank; enterprise; CCP participant; insolvency regime; enterprise group; risk management decision; IFSB standard; Bank resolution framework; Islamic banking; Financial sector stability; Bank resolution; Central counterparty clearing house; Global; Caribbean; Europe; Western Hemisphere; Sub-Saharan Africa; resolution authority; financial crisis; bank holding company
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Kuwait: Financial System Stability Assessment
International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
This Financial System Stability Assessment paper discusses that Kuwait’s limited economic diversification is directly reflected in the bank-centric financial sector. Banks have high concentrations to single borrowers, large depositors, and sectors, as well as significant common exposures. Risks to the financial sector are mostly external, stemming from oil price shocks, geopolitical tensions, and global financial developments. The risks are mitigated by sizeable sovereign financial assets, and by the ability of public entities to provide liquidity through large deposits. Stress tests suggest that banks are resilient to a wide range of shocks. The newly developed regulatory framework for capital market participants and products is an important step, but some gaps remain. The authorities have made important progress in strengthening the macroprudential framework. The crisis management framework and financial safety net arrangements should be strengthened and further operationalized. The diversification and resilience of the economy is expected to benefit from better financial inclusion of small-and-medium enterprises.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; banking sector; central bank; liquidity ratio; capital market; financial system; CBK well; risk profile; Shariah board; market operation; CBK monetary policy framework; CBK bill; liquidity coverage ratio; CBK power; Financial sector stability; Islamic banking; Commercial banks; Capital markets; Global; Middle East; North Africa; East Africa
Cover Policy Papers
The Core Principles for Islamic Finance Regulations and Assessment Methodology
International Monetary Fund
,
World Bank
,
International Monetary Fund. Strategy, Policy, &amp
,
Review Department
,
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
,
International Monetary Fund. Legal Dept.
,
International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept.
, and
International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
This paper provides a proposal to incorporate the Core Principles for Islamic Finance Regulation (Banking Sector) (CPIFR) issued by the Islamic Financial Services Board (IFSB), as part of the standards used in assessing the banking regulatory and supervisory regimes of relevant member jurisdictions under the Financial Sector Assessment Program (FSAP) and the Reports on Observance of Standards and Codes (ROSCs). The CPIFR largely reflects the order of the Basel Core Principles on Effective Banking Supervision (BCP), with five additional principles that are specific to Islamic banking operations. Thus, for countries that have systemically significant Islamic banking sector, the assessment of the banking regulation and supervision regime of the jurisdiction would be against the CPIFR (for fully Islamic banking systems) or BCP and the five additional core principles under the CPIFR (for dual banking systems). The Fund staff is seeking the endorsement of the Executive Board on this proposal.
Keywords:
PP; CPIFR standard; Islamic bank; IB sector; risk; assessment
Cover IMF Working Papers
Basel Compliance and Financial Stability: Evidence from Islamic Banks
Mohammad Bitar
,
Samy Ben Naceur
,
Rym Ayadi
, and
Thomas Walker
The paper provides robust evidence that compliance with Basel Core Principles (BCPs) has a strong positive effect on the Z-score of conventional banks, albeit less pronounced on the Zscore of Islamic banks. Using a sample of banks operating in 19 developing countries, the results appear to be driven by capital ratios, a component of Z-score for the two types of banks. Even though smaller on Islamic banks, individual chapters of BCPs also suggest a positive effect on the stability of conventional banks. The findings support the effective role of BCP standards in improving bank stability, whose important implications led to the Islamic Financial Services Board (IFSB) publication of new recommendations in 2015 to bring BCP standards in line with the Core Principles for Islamic Finance Regulation (CPIFRs) standards. Our findings suggest that because Islamic banks are benchmarked closely to BCPs, the implementation of CPFIRs should also positively affect their stability.
Keywords:
WP; BCP compliance; Islamic bank; bank stability; compliance index; BCP index; BCPs; CPIFRs; Stability; Islamic banks; conventional bank; bank type; Basel Core Principles; Bank soundness; Islamic banking; Bank regulation; Bank supervision; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Multi-Country Report: Ensuring Financial Stability in Countries with Islamic Banking-Case Studies-Press Release; Staff Report
International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept.
This paper presents country experiences with reforms to strengthen regulatory oversight of the Islamic banking sector. Based on the selected country experiences, a number of important lessons and policy options can be drawn that have implications for the stable and sound development of Islamic banking. An enabling regulatory and institutional framework and a level playing field for conventional and Islamic banks is critical for the sound and stable growth of the Islamic banking industry. The country experiences also underscore the importance of providing an enabling framework while letting market forces determine the size of the industry.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; central bank; conventional bank; IB sector; IB industry; IB products; profit sharing; IB assets; Islamic banking; Liquidity management; Deposit insurance; Liquidity; Global; Middle East
Cover Policy Papers
Ensuring Financial Stability in Countries with Islamic Banking
International Monetary Fund
This paper discusses the need for ensuring financial stability in countries with Islamic Banking (IB). IB continues to grow rapidly, in size and complexity, posing a challenge to supervisory authorities and central banks. The legal environment within which IBs operate can be complex and challenging and may have implications for financial stability. IBs operate in diverse legal environments, some of which are more evolved than others in providing strong legal underpinnings for IB. International governance standards apply to IB but need to be customized to consider IBs’ distinct governance features. Significant progress has been achieved in developing prudential standards for IB, although broader implementation and more consistent application are needed. Progress has been slow in developing IB’s liquidity management and money markets. In recent years, hybrid financial products in IB have emerged that replicate aspects of conventional finance in an IB context, raising financial stability concerns. The IMF has played an important role in promoting financial stability in IB jurisdictions, working closely with IB standard setters, and international organization to shape IB standards and promote best practices.
Keywords:
PP; IB jurisdiction; balance sheet; IB industry; IB operation; IB practice; IB product; IB service; IB depositor; IB activity; IB products; IB governance; IBS stability; Islamic banking; Legal support in revenue administration; Deposit insurance; Capital adequacy requirements; Global; Middle East; East Asia; Central Asia; Sub-Saharan Africa
Cover IMF Working Papers
Monetary Policy in the Presence of Islamic Banking
Mariam El Hamiani Khatat
This paper discusses key issues related to the conduct of monetary policy in countries that have Islamic banks. It describes the macrofinancial background and monetary policy frameworks where Islamic banks typically operate, and discusses the monetary transmission mechanism in economies where Islamic and conventional banking coexist. Most economies with Islamic banks also have conventional banks and this calls for a comprehensive approach to monetary policy. At the same time, a dual approach to monetary policy should be considered whenever the Islamic segment of the financial system is not as developed as the conventional one. The paper tries to shed light on potential spillovers between conventional and Islamic financial systems, and proposes specific recommendations on the design of Islamic monetary policy operations and for facilitating monetary transmission through the Islamic financial system.
Keywords:
WP; monetary policy; bank; market; financial system; exchange rate; Islamic banks; dual financial systems; monetary transmission mechanism; monetary operations; Sukuk markets; lender of last resort; monetary policy framework; monetary policy transmission; transmission mechanism; government securities market; bank lending channel; funding cost; banks competition; Islamic banking; Interbank markets; Liquidity management; Liquidity; Monetary policy frameworks; Global
Cover IMF Working Papers
Monetary Operations and Islamic Banking in the GCC: Challenges and Options
Ms. Ritu Basu
,
Mr. Ananthakrishnan Prasad
, and
Mr. Sergio L. Rodriguez
The assessment provides evidence of market segmentation across Islamic and conventional banks in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), leading to excess liquidity, and an uneven playing field for Islamic banks that might affect their growth. Liquidiy management has been a long-standing concern in the global Islamic finance industry as there is a general lack of Shari’ah compliant instruments than can serve as high-quality short-term liquid assets. The degree of segmentation and bank behavior varies across countries depending on Shari’ah permissibility and the availability of Shari’ah-compliant instruments. A partial response would be to support efforts to build Islamic liquid interbank and money markets, which are crucial for monetary policy transmission through the Islamic financial system.This can be achieved, to a large extent, by deepening Islamic government securities and developing Shari’ah-compliant money market instruments.
Keywords:
WP; bank; central bank; asset; market; liquid asset; Islamic Banking; GCC; Monetary Operations; conventional bank; participation paper; banking assets; Omani bank; asset share; banks ratio; return on assets; Money markets; Islamic finance; Liquidity management; Global
Cover IMF Working Papers
How Does Bank Competition Affect Solvency, Liquidity and Credit Risk? Evidence from the MENA Countries
Raja Almarzoqi
,
Samy Ben Naceur
, and
Alessandro Scopelliti
The paper analyzes the relationship between bank competition and stability, with a specific focus on the Middle East and North Africa. Price competition has a positive effect on bank liquidity, as it induces self-discipline incentives on banks for the choice of bank funding sources and for the holding of liquid assets. On the other hand, price competition may have a potentially negative impact on bank solvency and on the credit quality of the loan portfolio. More competitive banks may be less solvent if the potential increase in the equity base—due to capital adjustments—is not large enough to compensate for the reduction in bank profitability. Also, banks subject to stronger competitive pressures may have a higher rate of nonperforming loans, if the increase in the risk-taking incentives from the lender’s side overcomes the decrease in the credit risk from the borrower’s side. In both cases, country-specific policies for market entry conditions—and for bank regulation and supervision—may significantly affect the sign and the size of the relationship. The paper suggests policy reforms designed to improve market contestability and to increase the quality and independence of prudential supervision.
Keywords:
WP; bank competition; bank regulation; Solvency; Liquidity; Credit Risk; Supervision; market share; bank market power; bank risk; liquidity position; incumbent bank; bank assets; bank liquidity; bank capital ratio; bank capital; bank portfolio; decisions bank; Competition; Bank solvency; Islamic banking; Nonperforming loans; North Africa; East Africa; Middle East; Global