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Business and Economics > Finance: General

You are looking at 1 - 10 of 22 items for :

  • Type: Journal Issue x
  • Moldova, Republic of x
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Cover Technical Assistance Reports
Republic of Moldova: Technical Assistance Report-Design Considerations for a New Bank Liquidation Framework
International Monetary Fund. Legal Dept.
and
International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
At the request of the National Bank of Moldova (NBM), a technical assistance (TA) mission of the Monetary and Capital Markets Department and the Legal Department visited Chisinau during November 28 to December 5, 2022, to assist with the design of a revised bank liquidation framework. The mission reviewed three stylized models for bank liquidation – i.e., a purely administrative model in which a public authority (e.g., the resolution authority) directs the liquidation procedure, a judicial model that relies on court-supervised liquidation procedures, and a hybrid model in which a dedicated liquidator carries out the liquidation process under supervision of the court. It identified important considerations in support of a continued (albeit reduced) role for the NBM in bank liquidation and concluded that a hybrid model could be a viable option for Moldova: by shifting more responsibilities to the judiciary, the NBM’s Resolution Division could free up some resources, while maintaining synergies between the NBM’s responsibilities for adopting early intervention measures and (the planning of) bank liquidation. The mission recommended that, in such a model, the NBM retains the power to (i) initiate liquidation; (ii) appoint or propose liquidators; and (iii) undertake a ‘Purchase and Assumption’ type of transaction, whereby the deposits of the failing bank are transferred to a willing buyer. It also provided detailed guidance on, among others, (i) the triggers for determining when liquidation should be initiated; (ii) the process for commencing the liquidation process; (iii) the legislative design of transfer powers and associated safeguards; (iv) the role and appointment of liquidators; and (v) legal protection of the NBM.
Keywords:
Republic of Moldova; Bank Liquidation; Bank Failures; Purchase and Assumption; Depositors; Financial Stability.; bank liquidation model; Moldovan bank liquidation regime; NBM staff; NBM Law; liquidation framework; Financial sector stability; Bank resolution framework; Bank resolution; Banking crises
Cover IMF Working Papers
Determinants of Zombie Banks in Emerging Markets and Developing Economies
Torsten Wezel
,
Hannah Sheldon
, and
Zhengwei Fu
While deeply undercapitalized banks have been shown to misallocate credit to weak firms, the drivers of such zombie banks are less researched, particularly across countries. To furnish empirical evidence, we compile a dataset of undercapitalized banks from emerging markets and developing economies. We classify zombie banks as those not receiving remedial treatment by owners or regulators or, alternatively, remaining chronically undercapitalized. Using logit regressions, we find that country-specific factors are more influential for zombie status than bank characteristics, alhough some become significant when disaggreating by region. The paper’s overall findings imply the need for a proper regulatory framework and an effective resolution regime to deal with zombie banks more decisively.
Keywords:
Banks; Capital Requirements; Financial Crises; summary statistics; zombie bank; zombie share; zombie status; equity ratio; Banking crises; Bank resolution; Credit; Asia and Pacific; Global; Europe; Africa
Cover Technical Notes and Manuals
Resolving Opaque Bank Ownership and Related-Party Exposures
Edda R Karlsdóttir
,
Rachid Awad
,
Ender Emre
,
Alessandro Gullo
,
Aldona Jociene
, and
Constant Verkoren
This note intends to provide advice to bank supervision and resolution authorities and policymakers seeking to deal with opaque bank ownership or significant overhang of related-party exposures.
Keywords:
bank Ownership structures; bank Ownership transparency; IMF Library; bank owner; related-party transaction; Basel Core Principles; Anti-money laundering and combating the financing of terrorism (AML/CFT); Bank resolution; State-owned banks; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Republic of Moldova: Selected Issues
International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
Selected Issues
Keywords:
governance framework; E. Analyzing Moldova's public enterprise sector; Policy consideration; monetary policy friction; governance of public enterprises; Public enterprises; Central bank policy rate; Exchange rates; Loans; Credit; Eastern Europe; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Republic of Moldova: Technical Assistance Report-Financial Sector Stability Review
International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
The mission conducted a diagnostic review of the financial system and proposes a Technical Assistance Roadmap (TARM) to support the authorities’ efforts to strengthen their detection of risks and vulnerabilities and to enhance capacity in financial sector oversight and development. Two modules were undertaken during this FSSR mission. The financial stability module focused on areas agreed with the NBM and NCFM during the scoping stage: financial sector oversight, financial stability (macroprudential framework, systemic risk assessment, and stress testing), financial crisis management, financial inclusion and capital markets development. The financial sector statistics module focused on key data gaps hampering financial stability analysis as well as statistical reporting to the IMF’s Statistics Department.
Keywords:
C. financial crisis management; capital markets development; TA country manager; capital markets statistics; request of the National Bank of Moldova; Capital markets; Financial sector stability; Stress testing; Europe
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Republic of Moldova: 2021 Article IV Consultation and Requests for an Arrangement under the Extended Fund Facility and an Arrangement under the Extended Credit Facility-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for the Republic of Moldova
International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
The 2016–20 ECF/EFF helped rehabilitate Moldova’s banking sector, bolstering macro-financial stability. However, the COVID-19 pandemic, drought in 2020, and the ongoing surge in global energy prices, have slowed economic activity, intensified downside risks, and complicated policy making. While emergency financial assistance under a blended RCF/RFI (100 percent of quota) and SDR allocation (US$236 million) helped cushion the pandemic’s impact, Moldova remains among the poorest countries in Europe with long-standing governance and structural weaknesses inhibiting income convergence.
Keywords:
inflation targeting framework; governance diagnostics summary finding; authorities' policy platform; policy mix; EFF arrangement; expenditure policy; Policy discussion; Stress testing; Debt sustainability analysis; Global; Eastern Europe; Europe
Cover IMF Working Papers
Determinants of and Prospects for Market Access in Frontier Economies
Luiza Antoun de Almeida
and
Ms. Diva Singh
In recent years, we have observed an increase in low-income countries’ (LICs) access to international capital markets, especially after the Global Financial Crisis (GFC). This paper investigates what factors—country-specific macroeconomic fundamentals and/or external variables—have contributed to the surge in external bond issuance by these LICs, which we refer to in our paper as ‘frontier economies’. Using data on public and publicly guaranteed (PPG) external bond issuance, outstanding PPG bond stock, as well as sovereign spreads, we employ panel data analysis to examine factors related to the increase in issuance by these economies as well as the reduction in their spreads over time. Our empirical study shows that both country-specific fundamentals (such as public debt, current account balance, level of reserves, quality of institutions) and external variables (such as US growth and the VIX index) play a role in explaining the increased amount of issuance and the decline in spreads of frontier economies’ sovereign bonds. The impact of some of these variables on issuance appears to reflect a country’s need to issue bonds for external financing (‘the supply side’ of bond issuance), while others appear to correlate more through their impact on investors’ appetite for a country’s debt (‘the demand side’). In addition, the impact of country-specific variables can also be affected by external factors such as global risk appetite. Our analysis of key factors that have contributed to increased market access for frontier economies over the past decade provides important information to gauge the prospects for their continued market access, and for other LICs to join this group by tapping international markets for the first time.
Keywords:
frontier economy; market access; PPG bond stock; PPG issuance; data on public and publicly guaranteed; Bonds; International capital markets; Public and publicly-guaranteed external debt; Emerging and frontier financial markets; Stocks; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Republic of Moldova: Staff Report for the 2020 Request for Disbursement Under the Rapid Credit Facility and Purchase Under the Rapid Financing Instrument-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for the Republic of Moldova
International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
This paper discusses the Republic of Moldova’s IMF staff report for Request for Disbursement Under the Rapid Credit Facility and Purchase Under the Rapid Financing Instrument. The IMF support will help finance the health and macroeconomic stabilization measures, catalyze donor support, and shore up confidence in Moldova. While downside risks have intensified, public debt remains sustainable with low risk of distress. Beyond the immediate response, the authorities have reinforced their commitment to engage in a governance-focused arrangement with the IMF in the coming months. The IMF stands ready to support Moldova in addressing its immediate and medium-term policy challenges. The authorities’ policies aim at mitigating the economic and social impact of the crisis and supporting the recovery, while maintaining macroeconomic and financial stability. They have ramped-up spending to respond to urgent healthcare needs, provided temporary tax relief and subsidized credit schemes to protect employment and businesses, and strengthened social assistance and unemployment programs. The National Bank of Moldova is ensuring orderly exchange rate adjustment and preventing liquidity distress. Financial policies continue to focus on prudent restructuring of banks’ credit portfolios subject to maintaining loan classification and provisioning standards.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; financing; IMF support; pandemic; emergency financing request; support; financing gap; IMF lending tracker; Executive Board discussion; Credit; International reserves; Service exports; COVID-19; Current account balance; Global; Europe
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Republic of Moldova: Staff Report for the 2020 Article IV Consultation and Sixth Reviews Under the Extended Credit Facility and Extended Fund Facility Arrangements-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for the Republic of Moldova
International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
This paper presents 2019 Article IV Consultation with the Republic of Moldova and its Sixth Reviews Under the Extended Credit Facility and Extended Fund Facility Arrangements. Moldova’s economic growth remained solid in the first three quarters of 2019, with output expanding nearly 5 percent, supported by strong domestic demand. The three-year program has been broadly successful in achieving its objectives. Comprehensive reforms have rehabilitated the banking system and strengthened financial sector governance, entrenching macrofinancial stability. Prudent and well-coordinated policies are needed to safeguard the progress achieved. Decisive governance and institutional reforms are necessary for faster, sustainable, and inclusive growth. Safeguarding central bank independence is a priority. The inflation-targeting (IT) regime remains appropriate, but additional efforts are needed to improve policy credibility, promote exchange rate flexibility, and disincentivize foreign currency intermediation. Widespread governance and institutional vulnerabilities are major impediments to accelerating income convergence. Addressing these could have significant growth dividends through faster capital accumulation, reduced labor and human capital headwinds from emigration, and higher productivity.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; debt; state; governance; THE ECF; inflation-targeting regime; reform agenda; executive board discussion; disbursement SDR; banking fraud; Public investment and public-private partnerships (PPP); Public investment spending; Global; Europe; Eastern Europe
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Republic of Moldova: Technical Assistance Report-Financial Soundness Indicators Mission
International Monetary Fund. Statistics Dept.
This Technical Assistance Report on the Republic of Moldova provides details of IMF mission to review available source data for deposit takers and other sectors including other financial corporations (OFCs); and to review the current financial soundness indicators (FSI) compiled by the National Bank of Moldova with a view to ensure methodological consistency of the FSI compilation with the IMF’s FSI Compilation Guide 2006. The mission found some deviations from the FSI Guide in key indicators currently compiled based on the International Financial Reporting Standards and Basel III principles as well as national supervisory standards. Some methodological deviations include the measurement of capital. In order to support progress in the above work areas, the mission recommended a detailed action plan with several priority recommendations. It is recommended to expand the coverage of the OFCs sector to include the non-bank credit organizations (microfinance institutions and leasing companies) in collaboration and coordination with the National Commission for Financial Markets.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; FSI Guide; balance sheet capital; compilation Guide; FSI compilation Guide; metadata template; technical assistance; Financial soundness indicators; Financial statements; Commercial banks; Personal income; Insurance companies; Global