Narrow Your Choices

Refine By Countries

Refine By Series

Refine By Language

Refine By Date

—

Refine By IMF Taxonomy

Refine By JEL Taxonomy

Refine by LOC Taxonomy

Refine By THEMA Taxonomy

  • Print
  • Save

Business and Economics > Finance: General

You are looking at 1 - 10 of 39 items for :

  • Type: Journal Issue x
Clear All Modify Search
Cover FinTech Notes
Private Law Aspects of Token-Based Central Bank Digital Currencies
Marianne Bechara
,
Wouter Bossu
,
Amira Rasekh
,
Chia Yi Tan
, and
Akihiro Yoshinaga
In designing central bank digital currencies (CBDCs), it is imperative that central banks carefully consider its legal foundations. As with any form of money, CBDCs require a solid basis under public and private law to provide it with the necessary legal certainty and political support that will underpin its wide circulation. This Fintech Note examines the private law aspects of token-based CBDC primarily intended for retail use. It follows a previous IMF working paper that examines the legal foundations of CBDC under central bank law and its treatment under monetary law—the main public law aspects of CBDC.
Keywords:
Token-Based CBDC; Private Law; Central Bank Digital Currencies; Legal Framework; Ownership Rights; Transfer Mechanisms; Financial Intermediaries; private law aspect; TokenBased central bank digital currencies; CBDC holder; IMF Library; IMF Fintech Note 2025/003; Currencies; Securities; Commercial banks; Global
Cover High-Level Summary Technical Assistance Reports
Jamaica: Systemic Risk Monitoring
Petr Jakubik
The technical assistance mission aimed to build capacity to enhance financial stability analyses and assessments in the Bank of Jamaica. It reviewed the latest available Financial Stability Report and the analytical toolkit. In particular, the mission helped the bank to estimate sectoral credit risk models to enhance the forward-looking element of its financial stability assessment. It provided several recommendations that covered the financial stability report, methodological work on the financial stability analytical toolkit, internal and external communication, and data sources and their management. It concluded that financial stability should be seen as equally important as monetary policy and supervision.
Keywords:
financial stability; financial stability report; systemic risk; stress testing; credit risk modeling; sectoral credit risk model; assessments in the Bank of Jamaica; contagion risk; capacity development recipient; Financial sector stability; Financial stability assessment; Caribbean
Cover Technical Assistance Reports
Jamaica: Technical Assistance Report-Systemic Risk Monitoring
International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
The technical assistance mission aimed to build capacity to enhance financial stability analyses and assessments at the Bank of Jamaica (BOJ). It reviewed the latest available Financial Stability Report (FSR) and the analytical toolkit. In particular, the mission assisted the BOJ in estimating sectoral credit risk models to enhance the forward-looking element of its financial stability assessment. The mission explained the Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) approach and provided initial estimates for five sectoral credit risk models, including mortgages to households, personal loans, corporate loans for tourism, corporate loans for construction, and other corporate loans. Additionally, the mission covered topics such as financial stability indicators, credit risk, stress testing, insurance and pension balance sheets, climate risk, interconnectedness, and contagion risk. Several recommendations were provided, covering the FSR, methodological work on the financial stability analytical toolkit, internal and external communication, and data sources and their management. The mission concluded that financial stability should be regarded as equally important as monetary policy and supervision. It emphasized the need for a detailed production plan for the FSR, a comprehensive communication strategy, and the organization of all data in a single data warehouse to support the financial stability analytical toolkit. The mission also highlighted the importance of improving non-bank analyses and regularly reporting on emerging risks, such as climate and cyber risks.
Keywords:
Financial stability; financial stability report; systemic risk; stress testing; credit risk modeling; Jamaica.; BOJ data management system; BOJ stress; BOJ website; BOJ credit risk stress tests; market risk analysis; BOJ absorption ratio; Financial sector stability; Credit risk; Market risk; Financial sector risk; Caribbean
Cover FinTech Notes
Central Bank Digital Currency Adoption: Inclusive Strategies for Intermediaries and Users
Tayo Tunyathon Koonprasert
,
Shiho Kanada
,
Natsuki Tsuda
, and
Edona Reshidi
Among the countries that have launched central bank digital currency (CBDC) or are conducting large-scale pilots, adoption remains slow and limited due to various challenges such as lack of public awareness and trust, preference for existing payment methods, and inadequate incentives for intermediaries. Central banks cannot take it for granted that CBDC, once launched, will be adopted and scaled up easily. Forming part of the CBDC Virtual Handbook, this paper aims to encourage policymakers to consider CBDC adoption early on, by arguing that successful CBDC adoption hinges not only on technical readiness and operational robustness, but also on strategic policy and design choices that target end-user and intermediary involvement from the outset. The paper introduces The REDI Framework which outlines various regulatory strategies, education/communication initiatives, design/deployment choices, and incentive mechanisms to prepare for CBDC adoption.
Keywords:
Central bank digital currency; CBDC; Adoption; Intermediaries; Incentives; central bank digital currency adoption; CBDC adoption; IMF Fintech Note 2024/005; eAUD payment; central bank of Peru; Central Bank digital currencies; Currencies; Payment systems; Digital financial services; Financial inclusion; Global; Africa
Cover Policy Papers
Central Bank Digital Currency—Initial Considerations
International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
,
International Monetary Fund. Legal Dept.
, and
International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.
The paper briefs the Executive Board on the initial considerations on CBDC. These cover a framework to guide countries’ CBDC exploration, as well as implications for monetary policy transmission, capital flow management measures, and financial inclusion.
Keywords:
Central bank digital currency; initial considerations; Handbook; capacity development; collaboration; CBDC handbook; CBDC Fintech Notes; IMF Fintech Notes; transparency policy; CBDC design; handbook chapter; Central Bank digital currencies; Financial inclusion; Payment systems; Monetary base; Central bank mandate; Global
Cover FinTech Notes
Central Bank Digital Currency's Role in Promoting Financial Inclusion
Ashley Lannquist
and
Brandon Tan
Financial inclusion is a key policy objective that central banks, especially those in emerging and low-income countries, are considering for retail central bank digital currency (CBDC). If properly designed to address the barriers to financial inclusion, CBDCs have the opportunity to gain acceptance by the financially excluded for digital payments. CBDC can then serve as an entry point to the broader formal financial system. CBDC has special aspects that may benefit financial inclusion, such as being a risk-free and widely acceptable form of digital money, availability for offline payments, and potentially lower costs and greater accessibility. However, CBDC is not a panacea to financial inclusion, and additional experience is needed to fully understand its potential impact.
Keywords:
Central bank digital currency; financial inclusion; digital inclusion; digital payments; central bank digital currency's role; IMF Fintech Note 2023/011; IMF Library; publication order; publications service; Central Bank digital currencies; Digital financial services; Payment systems; Global; Sub-Saharan Africa
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Jamaica: Selected Issues
International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.
Selected Issues
Keywords:
D. export determinant; IMF's transparency policy; logistics performance indicator; I. complexity determinant; education indicator; Exports; Consumption taxes; East Asia; Central America; Caribbean; North America; Global
Cover Departmental Papers
Frontiers of Economic Policy Communications
Ms. Olga Ilinichna Stankova
The paper provides an overall view of communications across various areas of economic policy, aiming to help country authorities as they increasingly use communications as a policy tool in its own right. The paper identifies frontier communications challenges, drawing on a large body of research on the salient issues. Although communications can never be a substitute for good policies, economic reforms are more likely to fail or even be reversed if they are not understood or accepted by those whom they affect.
Keywords:
DPPP; DP; public debate; financial system; balance of payments; bank guarantee
Cover Departmental Papers
Frontiers of Economic Policy Communications
Ms. Olga Ilinichna Stankova
The paper provides an overall view of communications across various areas of economic policy, aiming to help country authorities as they increasingly use communications as a policy tool in its own right. The paper identifies frontier communications challenges, drawing on a large body of research on the salient issues. Although communications can never be a substitute for good policies, economic reforms are more likely to fail or even be reversed if they are not understood or accepted by those whom they affect.
Keywords:
DPPP; DP; public debate; financial system; balance of payments; bank guarantee
Cover Policy Papers
Review Of The Fund’s Policy On Multiple Currency Practices: Initial Considerations
International Monetary Fund. Legal Dept.
,
International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
,
International Monetary Fund. Strategy, Policy, &amp
,
Review Department
, and
International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.
This paper reviews the Fund’s policy on multiple currency practices (MCPs). There remain strong economic and legal reasons to retain a policy on MCPs. The over-arching aim of the review is to make the policy and its application more effective. Based on this review, the paper proposes initial considerations for reforming features of the policy that have created challenges. • Clarifying the concept of “official action” to focus on measures that segment FX markets. • Eliminating potentiality. • Updating the threshold for permissible FX spreads. • Adjusting approval policies. • Reviewing links with capital transactions. • Considering merits of a remedial framework.
Keywords:
PP; article; The Fund; MCP Policy; market; transaction; exchange transaction; exchange restriction; fund member; transaction vis-à-vis; Multiple currency practices; Exchange rates; Exchange restrictions; Currencies; Global; IMF's transparency policy; Middle East; Central Africa; East Africa