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Business and Economics > Finance: General

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Cover Policy Papers
2023 Review of The Fund's Anti-Money Laundering and Combating The Financing of Terrorism Strategy—Background Papers
International Monetary Fund. Legal Dept.
The background papers support the stocktaking analysis and the proposed way forward for the 2023 review of the IMF's AML/CFT Strategy. The five background papers provide in-depth discussions on the following key topics: (i) illicit financial flows; (ii) the impact of money laundering in financial stability; (iii) synergies between financial integrity issues and other Fund policies and work; (iv) the Fund’s collaboration with key partners in the AML/CFT global policy architecture; and (v) stakeholders’ views of the effectiveness of the Fund’s AML/CFT engagement.
Keywords:
AML/CFT; Anti-money laundering; Money laundering; Terrorism financing; Proliferation financing; Combating the Financing of Terrorism; Financial Stability; Financial Crime; Illicit financial flows; Financial Integrity; CFT issue; CFT framework; addressing IFF; FATF standard; Global AML; Anti-money laundering and combating the financing of terrorism (AML/CFT); Financial sector stability; Civil society organizations; Global; Baltics
Cover IMF Working Papers
Lessons from Haiti’s Recent Exchange Rate Developments
Ms. Rina Bhattacharya
and
Mr. Neil Shenai
From August to October 2020, the Haitian authorities were successful at bringing about a sharp appreciation in the gourde/U.S. dollar exchange rate. This paper analyzes the factors behind this appreciation and its spillovers on the economy. It finds that foreign exchange surrender requirements had a statistically significant effect on the nominal exchange rate, while foreign exchange intervention by the central bank did not. Surrender requirements were also found to have raised trading costs and volatility in the foreign exchange market and contributed to the development of a wider parallel nominal exchange rate premium. This appreciation contributed to a decline in headline inflation during the episode while delivering some fuel subsidy-related savings to the government. Remittance-dependent households and exporters saw a drop in their purchasing power, and Haiti’s net external buffers were adversely affected. Following from these findings, the paper offers recommendations on ways to facilitate foreign exchange management and boost external sustainability while contributing to the central bank’s overall policy objectives.
Keywords:
Haiti foreign exchange rate; fragile state monetary policy; foreign exchange surrender requirements; foreign exchange intervention in fragile states; reserve money programming in fragile states; exchange rate development; IMF working paper 22/225; Haiti foreign exchange exchange rate; foreign exchange management; money supply; Currency markets; Nominal effective exchange rate; Exchange rates; Exchange rate arrangements; Caribbean; Global; Central America; Sub-Saharan Africa
Cover Policy Papers
FY2020 - Output Cost Estimates and Budget Outturn
International Monetary Fund. Office of Budget and Planning
The paper presents highlights from the FY 2020 budget, followed by a discussion of outputs based on the Fund Thematic Categories and of inputs.
Keywords:
PP; expenditures FY; dollar spending; spending execution; unspent FY 18; digitalization strategy; management fee; Medium-term budget; Budget planning and preparation; Capital spending; Financial Sector Assessment Program; COVID-19; Middle East and Central Asia; Global; Asia and Pacific; Western Hemisphere
Cover IMF Working Papers
Power It Up: Strengthening the Electricity Sector to Improve Efficiency and Support Economic Activity
Gabriel Di Bella
and
Mr. Francesco Grigoli
Poor performance of the electricity sector remains a drag to economic efficiency and a bottleneck to economic activity in many low-income countries. This paper proposes a number of models that account for different equilibria (some better, some worse) of the electricity sector. They show how policy choices (affecting insolvency prospects or related to rules for electricity dispatching or tariff setting), stochastic generation costs, and initial conditions, affect investment in generation and electricity supply. They also show how credible (non-credible) promises of stronger enforcement to reduce theft result in larger (smaller) electricity supply, lower (higher) government subsidies, and lower (higher) tariffs and distribution losses, which in turn affect economic activity. To illustrate these findings, the paper reviews the experience of Haiti, a country stuck in a bad equilibrium of insufficient supply, high prices, and electricity theft; and that of Nicaragua, which is gradually transitioning to a better equilibrium of the electricity sector.
Keywords:
WP; economic activity; private sector; cash flow; Credible and Non-Credible Promises; Economic efficiency; Economic infrastructure; Electricity Sector; Electricity Theft; Haiti; Nicaragua; generation cost; distribution loss; objective function; electricity tariff; Electricity; Tariffs; Oil prices; Solvency; Government subsidies
Cover Policy Papers
2014 Triennial Surveillance Review - Staff Background Studies
International Monetary Fund
NULL
Keywords:
PP; Policy advice; The Fund; low-income country; policy; Fund surveillance; fiscal policy advice; fiscal policy analysis; policy challenge; Policy issue; private sector; Spillovers; Financial sector; Fiscal stance; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Haiti: Seventh Review Under the Extended Credit Facility, Requests for Waiver of Nonobservance of Performance Criterion, and Modification of Performance Criteria
International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.
This Seventh Review Under the Extended Credit Facility of Haiti focuses on economic activity that continued to advance in FY2013, despite negative weather events early in the fiscal year. The fiscal deficit increased to 6.7 percent of GDP in FY2013 owing to a gasoline price freeze that dented revenues and on transfers to the electricity sector. The evolution of monetary aggregates reflected government policies and some dedollarization, while the banking system remained well capitalized and profitable. The macroeconomic outlook and the conditions for policy implementation are subject to a number of downside risks.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; ECF arrangement; IMF's executive board Completes Seventh Review; equivalent; reform measure; larger-than-programmed investment spending; financing constraint; government effectiveness; Public investment and public-private partnerships (PPP); Public investment spending; Credit; Caribbean; Global
Cover Finance & Development
Finance & Development, December 2010
International Monetary Fund. External Relations Dept.
This issue of F&D looks at the growing role of emerging markets. Analysis by the IMF's Ayhan Kose and Eswar Prasad, professor of trade policy at Cornell University, argues that their economic ascendance will enable emerging markets such as Brazil, China, India, and Russia to play a more significant part in global economic governance and take on more responsibility for economic and financial stability. And Vivek Arora and Athanasios Vamvakidis measure how China's economy is increasingly affecting the rest of the world not just its neighbors and main trading partners. In addition, F&D examines a variety of topics that are particularly relevant as the world struggles to shake off the crisis. Alan Blinder and Mark Zandi look at the positive effects of stimulus in the United States. Without it, they say, the United States would still be in recession. IMF researchers look at how countries can get debt under control, and what happens when government debt is downgraded. Other articles examine the human costs of unemployment, how inequality can lead over time to financial crisis, and what changes in the way banks do business could mean for the financial system. Two articles look at Islamic banking, which was put to the test during the global crisis and proved its mettle, and in Faces of the Crisis Revisited, we continue to track how the recession affected several individuals around the world. This issue of F&D profiles Princeton economic theorist Avinash Dixit in the regular People in Economics feature, and Back to Basics looks at externalities.
Keywords:
FD; F&D; IMF researcher; emerging market; bank; World export; economy
Cover Finance & Development
Finance & Development
International Monetary Fund. External Relations Dept.
This issue of F&D looks at the growing role of emerging markets. Analysis by the IMF's Ayhan Kose and Eswar Prasad, professor of trade policy at Cornell University, argues that their economic ascendance will enable emerging markets such as Brazil, China, India, and Russia to play a more significant part in global economic governance and take on more responsibility for economic and financial stability. And Vivek Arora and Athanasios Vamvakidis measure how China's economy is increasingly affecting the rest of the world not just its neighbors and main trading partners. In addition, F&D examines a variety of topics that are particularly relevant as the world struggles to shake off the crisis. Alan Blinder and Mark Zandi look at the positive effects of stimulus in the United States. Without it, they say, the United States would still be in recession. IMF researchers look at how countries can get debt under control, and what happens when government debt is downgraded. Other articles examine the human costs of unemployment, how inequality can lead over time to financial crisis, and what changes in the way banks do business could mean for the financial system. Two articles look at Islamic banking, which was put to the test during the global crisis and proved its mettle, and in Faces of the Crisis Revisited, we continue to track how the recession affected several individuals around the world. This issue of F&D profiles Princeton economic theorist Avinash Dixit in the regular People in Economics feature, and Back to Basics looks at externalities.
Keywords:
FD; F&D; IMF researcher; emerging market; bank; World export; economy
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Dominican Republic: First Review Under the Stand-By Arrangement, Requests for Waivers of Applicability and Modification of Performance Criteria—Staff Report; Staff Supplement; Informational Annex; Press Release on the Executive Board Discussion.
International Monetary Fund
A 28-month Stand-By Arrangement (SBA) for the Dominican Republic was introduced against the global recession. The main objective of the program is to limit the procyclicality of policies. The countercyclical macroeconomic program improved confidence and fostered aggregate demand. Monetary policy remained accommodative with a record low policy rate. Fiscal policy became countercyclical. All structural benchmarks were observed. IMF staff supports the waiver requests and the completion of the first SBA review given the proposed actions and satisfactory performance.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; modifications of performance criteria; waiver; request for waivers of applicability; request; la República Dominicana; fund staff estimate; program implementation; Public sector; Electricity; Fiscal stance; Tariffs; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Dominican Republic: Second and Third Reviews Under the Stand-By Arrangement and Request for Waivers of Applicability—Staff Report; Staff Supplement; Informational Annex; Press Release on the Executive Board Discussion.
International Monetary Fund
In this study, against the background of deteriorating external conditions owing to the global crisis, a 28-month Stand-By Arrangement (SBA) for the Dominican Republic is reviewed. The objective is to limit the procyclicality of policies in the short term. The macroeconomic situation has improved significantly. All performance criteria and structural benchmarks were observed. IMF staff supports completion of the second and third SBA reviews and the targets proposed for 2011 in view of the positive macroeconomic performance. Additional measures have been introduced to meet program targets.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; request for waivers of applicability; waiver; request; applicability; shrinking output gap; Dominican authorities; public sector arrears; electricity company; Public sector; Electricity; Basel Core Principles; Global