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Business and Economics > Finance: General

You are looking at 1 - 9 of 9 items for :

  • Type: Journal Issue x
  • Fiji, Republic of x
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Cover Staff Climate Notes
Unlocking Adaptation Finance in Emerging Market and Developing Economies
Deepali Gautam
,
Ekaterina Gratcheva
,
Fabio M Natalucci
, and
Ananthakrishnan Prasad
Mitigation and decarbonization efforts are falling short of the 1.5°C goal, making adaptation critical. Developing economies are affected the most, despite having contributed the least to the problem. Nearly 98 percent of adaptation finance comes from public actors, with highly fragmented flows from the private sector. As financing needs increase, bringing private sector finance becomes critical and requires reframing adaptation investments from being seen not just as a risk exposure but also as an investment opportunity. This requires addressing real and perceived investment barriers, public-private collaboration and risk sharing, as well as financial incentives and innovation to unlock scalable, inclusive solutions. Adaptation is more complex than mitigation, with challenges in defining, evaluating, pricing, and scaling investments. Progress on adaptation requires policy reforms, incentives, and partnerships between governments, businesses, and communities and public-private risk sharing.
Keywords:
climate finance; climate adaptation; climate resilience; climate finance architecture; adaptation finance; emerging markets and developing countries; private finance mobilization; sustainability; IMF Resilience and Sustainability Trust.; IMF staff climate note; IMF resilience; IMF staff climate Note 2024/007; Climate change; Financial sector; Climate policy; Global
Cover Departmental Papers
Measuring Financial Access: 10 Years of the IMF Financial Access Survey
Marco A Espinosa-Vega
,
Ms. Kazuko Shirono
,
Mr. Hector Carcel Villanova
,
Ms. Bidisha Das
, and
Ms. Yingjie Fan
This departmental paper marks the 10th anniversary of the IMF Financial Access Survey (FAS). It offers a retrospective of the FAS database, along with some reflections as to its future directions. Since its 2009 launch, the FAS has provided granular data on access to and use of financial services. It is a supply-side database with annual global coverage based on data sourced directly from financial service providers—aimed at supporting policymakers to target and evaluate financial inclusion policies. Its data collection has kept pace with financial innovation, such as the rise of mobile money and growing demand for gender-disaggregated data—and the FAS must continue to evolve.
Keywords:
DPPP; DP; FAS indicator; FAS data; FAS usage indicator; FAS gender; FAS Coverage; FAS data collection; internet banking; agent outlet; money agent; Mobile banking; Financial inclusion; Commercial banks; Financial statistics; Global; South Asia; Sub-Saharan Africa; Mobile internet; Asia and Pacific
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Republic of Fiji: 2019 Article IV Consultation-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for the Republic of Fiji
International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept
This 2019 Article IV Consultation with the Republic of Fiji highlights that economic activity slowed sharply in 2019 due to lower government spending, tighter domestic financial conditions, weak sentiment, and the global deceleration. The slowdown followed several years of relatively strong growth, boosted by reconstruction spending after a major cyclone in 2016, which resulted in rising external and fiscal imbalances. Fiscal space is now at risk and external vulnerabilities remain significant. Fiji has large investment needs to strengthen resilience to natural disasters and climate change. A key priority should be to rebuild fiscal buffers in a growth-friendly way to create space to respond to future natural disasters and to ensure public debt sustainability. Fiscal consolidation should focus on reining in current spending given limited scope for further revenue mobilization and the need for capital spending to improve resilience to climate change. Improvements in the business environment and in governance are essential to raise potential growth and boost private investment, and to enhance productivity and competitiveness.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; authority; Fiji; economy; Fijian authorities; Fijian economy; priority investment; growth outlook; long-term climate action plan; Anti-money laundering and combating the financing of terrorism (AML/CFT); Government debt management; Credit bureaus; Global; Pacific Islands; International reserves
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Republic of Fiji: 2018 Article IV Consultation-Press Release and Staff Report
International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept
This Article IV Consultation highlights that the economy is recovering well from several natural disasters, supported by accommodative fiscal and monetary policies. Growth performance picked up in recent years with improved political stability, though average growth rates were still lower than in other emerging and developing countries. Fiscal buffers have been used and external conditions, including oil prices and growth prospects of main trading partners, are becoming less favorable. Improving the overall business environment and governance is expected to raise potential growth by mobilizing private investment, enhancing productivity, and diversifying the economy. An improvement in the overall business environment is essential to achieve the ambitious growth targets laid out in the National Development Plan. Streamlining procedures to do business, accelerating the activation of the credit reporting agency, and reducing tax compliance costs has been recommended.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; government; pension savings withdrawal; Fiji; appraisal; headline inflation; investment regime; growth momentum; staffs appraisal; Commercial banks; Fiscal stance; Credit bureaus; Pacific Islands
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Papua New Guinea: Selected Issues
International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept
This Selected Issues paper provides an overview of financial access and inclusion indicators, related causal factors, and both current and possible reform priorities for on Papua New Guinea (PNG). The paper presents indicators of financial market depth, development, and access for PNG and compares PNG’s performance against that of other countries in the region, at similar levels of development, and beyond. It provides an overview of country-specific challenges facing PNG related to financial inclusion that helps to explain its performance, as well as possible reform priorities in the near term. The government’s current initiatives aimed at promoting financial sector development and inclusion and their preliminary results are also discussed.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; FX; exchange rate; PNG government; central bank; banks in PNG; PNG economy; road transport infrastructure; PNG's progress; asset base; PNG score; PNG authorities' effort; FX market mechanism; Currency markets; Natural resources; Asia and Pacific; East Asia; Sub-Saharan Africa; Global; South Asia; Pacific Islands
Cover Policy Papers
Macroeconomic Developments and Selected Issues in Small Developing States
International Monetary Fund
This report builds on the work in the 2013 Board paper on Fund Engagement with Small States, the 2013 background papers on Asian and Pacific small states and Caribbean small states, and the 2014 staff guidance note. It provides a deeper analysis and policy recommendations in respect of three challenges identified in these papers. Looking ahead, the paper also analyses the impact and possible policy responses to two global economic trends—lower oil prices and diverse movements in major currencies.
Keywords:
PP; small states; exchange rate; real GDP; government spending; U.S. dollar; debt ceiling; Financial inclusion; Income; Pacific Islands; Global; Caribbean; Asia and Pacific; Africa
Cover IMF Working Papers
The Pacific Speed of Growth: How Fast Can It Be and What Determines It?
Yongzheng Yang
,
Hong Chen
,
Shiu raj Singh
, and
Baljeet Singh
This study aims to test within a relatively homogeneous group of small states what differentiates the growth performance of Pacific island countries (PICs) from their peers. We find that PICs are disadvantaged by distance and hampered by lower investment and exports compared with other small island states, but greater political stability, catch-up effects from lower initial incomes, and slower population growth have helped offset some of these disadvantages. On balance, policy-related factors, together with geography-related disadvantages, have led to growth rates in PICs that are much lower than in other small states. We also examine how real exchange rate appreciation, unfavorable developments in the external trade environment, and rising international transport costs may have contributed to PICs’ slower growth over the past decade.
Keywords:
WP; financial crisis; PIC economy; economic recovery; PIC government; small states; Pacific island countries; growth; convergence; remoteness; volatility; aid; investment exports; trade pattern; growth rebound; growth performance; PIC growth rebound; PIC export; visitor arrival; Exports; Transportation; Real exchange rates; Imports; Competition; Global; Australia and New Zealand; Pacific Islands; Asia and Pacific
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Samoa: Selected Issues and Statistical Appendix
International Monetary Fund
This Selected Issues paper on Samoa reviews limitations to the existing framework of monetary policy, and suggests ways to improve its effectiveness. It examines current instruments at the disposal of the central bank to conduct monetary policy, before showing why monetary policy execution can be sometimes difficult. It also shows that such problems are not uncommon in economies with shallow financial markets. The paper also takes stock of developments since the early 1990s, and asks what major impediments to sustained private development remain.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; interest rate; Samoa; cost; credit; financing cost; return; reform priority; credit information; guide market expectation; CBS securities; monetary policy execution; community service obligation cost; liquidity forecasting framework; RBV note; liquidity condition; Interbank markets; Securities; Foreign direct investment; Securities markets; Money markets; Pacific Islands; Australia and New Zealand
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Vanuatu: Background Paper
International Monetary Fund
This Background Paper on Vanuatu reviews the development of monetary control instruments in five small island economies in the South Pacific (Fiji, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Vanuatu, and Western Samoa) and draws some lessons from their experience. The paper highlights that, except Solomon Islands which have extraordinarily high credit demand from the government, these economies have large structural excess liquidity in the banking system. The paper describes the financial sector in the five economies and analyzes the background for large excess liquidity. It also reviews the developments of monetary instruments in these economies from a comparative perspective.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; central bank securities; broad money; money bank; balance sheet; foreign currency; operating income; liquid asset ratio; central bank profit; excess liquidity; deposit-credit gap; Central bank bills; Bank deposits; Excess liquidity; Liquidity; Deposit rates; Pacific Islands