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Business and Economics > Finance: General

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Cover Policy Papers
Key Trends In Implementing The Fund's Transparency Policy
International Monetary Fund. Strategy, Policy, & Review Department
At the time of the 2005 Review of the Fund’s Transparency Policy, the Executive Board requested regular updates on trends in implementing the transparency policy. This report provides an overview of recent developments, reflecting information on documents considered by the Board in 2022 and updating the previous annual report on Key Trends. Deeper analysis of these trends is undertaken in the context of periodic reviews of the Fund’s Transparency Policy.
Keywords:
transparency Policy; country document; deletion request; publication rate; IV consultation; Monetary unions; Debt sustainability analysis; Emerging and frontier financial markets; COVID-19; Anti-money laundering and combating the financing of terrorism (AML/CFT); Middle East and Central Asia; Caribbean; Sub-Saharan Africa
Cover IMF Working Papers
Cross-Border Payments Integration in Latin America and the Caribbean
Dimitris Drakopoulos
,
Yibin Mu
,
Dmitry Vasilyev
, and
Mauricio Villafuerte
Cross-border payment inefficiencies are a significant barrier to trade both within Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) and between LAC and other regions. This paper provides a comprehensive review of historical efforts undertaken by various countries within the LAC region to address these challenges. We also explore the potential of recent financial innovations, such as digital currencies and blockchain technology, to enhance cross-border payments. While new technologies do not substitute for prudent and credible macroeconomic policies, leveraging these technologies can help LAC countries reduce transaction costs and times, thus enhancing economic efficiency and fostering deeper regional and global trade relationships.
Keywords:
Cross-Border Payments; Financial Innovation; International Trade; Economic Integration.; LAC payment infrastructure; payment arrangement; cross-border payment inefficiency; integration in Latin America and the Caribbean; cross-border payments integration; Payment systems; Currencies; Financial inclusion; Anti-money laundering and combating the financing of terrorism (AML/CFT); Caribbean; Central America; South America; Global; East Asia
Cover Policy Papers
Key Trends in Implementing The Fund’s Transparency Policy
International Monetary Fund. Strategy, Policy, & Review Department
At the time of the 2005 Review of the Fund’s Transparency Policy, the Executive Board requested regular updates on trends in implementing the transparency policy. This report provides an overview of recent developments, reflecting information on documents considered by the Board in 2021 and updating the previous annual report on Key Trends. Deeper analysis of these trends is undertaken in the context of periodic reviews of the Fund’s Transparency Policy.
Keywords:
transparency Policy; country policy intention document; deletion request; publication rate; country document; Emerging and frontier financial markets; Monetary unions; COVID-19; Anti-money laundering and combating the financing of terrorism (AML/CFT); Financial Sector Assessment Program; Middle East and Central Asia; Caribbean; Sub-Saharan Africa; Europe; Asia and Pacific
Cover IMF Working Papers
ASEAN-5: Further Harnessing the Benefits of Regional Integration amid Fragmentation Risks
Nuri Baek
,
Kaustubh Chahande
,
Kodjovi M. Eklou
,
Mr. Tidiane Kinda
,
Vatsal Nahata
,
Umang Rawat
, and
Ara Stepanyan
The ASEAN-5 region, which comprises Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand, has benefited substantially from its integration to the world economy, particularly through trade. Rising risks of geoeconomic fragmentation could reverse some gains reaped from globalization over the past decades. In this context, advancing regional integration among ASEAN-5 members has the potential to enhance the region’s resilience against external headwinds. This paper shows that despite sizeable progress, particularly in regional trade integration, there is room to advance financial integration, which also lags trade integration in ASEAN-5. Empirical findings from the paper illustrate that a higher degree of regional financial integration could generate sizeable output gains for the region. Using firm-level data, the paper highlights that digitalization, an area where the region is thriving, can support regional integration by helping firms better integrate into global value chains, with the benefits being stronger for small and medium sized enterprises. The results also suggest that digitalization can help firms move up the value chain through the production of more sophisticated products, often coined as higher export sophistication.
Keywords:
Trade integration; financial integration; digitalization; fragmentation risks; goods export sophistication; firm level result; firm growth; firm Growth; external finance dependence; Financial sector development; Exports; Global; Asia and Pacific
Cover Policy Papers
Key Trends in Implementing the Fund's Transparency Policy
International Monetary Fund. Strategy, Policy, & Review Department
This report provides an overview of recent developments in the implementation of the Fund’s Transparency Policy, as required by the Executive Board. It covers documents considered by the Board in 2020 and their respective publication status up to June 2021. To provide some perspective on trends, it compares the implementation of the Fund’s Transparency Policy on the 2020 documents with preceding years.
Keywords:
transparency Policy; article IV; deletion request; reports press releases; country policy intention document; Emerging and frontier financial markets; COVID-19; Monetary unions; Anti-money laundering and combating the financing of terrorism (AML/CFT); Financial Sector Assessment Program; Middle East and Central Asia; Caribbean; Sub-Saharan Africa; Europe
Cover Policy Papers
Key Trends in Implementing the FUND's Transparency Policy
International Monetary Fund. Strategy, Policy, & Review Department
At the time of the 2005 Review of the Fund’s Transparency Policy, the Executive Board required regular updates on trends in implementing the transparency policy. This report provides an overview of recent developments, reflecting information on documents considered by the Board in 2019 and their respective publication status up to June 2020, and updating the previous annual report on Key Trends.
Keywords:
transparency Policy; article IV; publication rate; deletion request; country policy intention document; Emerging and frontier financial markets; Monetary unions; Anti-money laundering and combating the financing of terrorism (AML/CFT); Financial Sector Assessment Program; Debt sustainability analysis; Middle East; North Africa; Central and Eastern Europe; East Africa; Western Hemisphere
Cover Finance & Development
Finance and Development, June 2021
International Monetary Fund. Communications Department
Amid a multispeed economic recovery—including within countries and across sectors, age groups, genders, and skill levels—this issue explores several cross-cutting themes for emerging markets.
Keywords:
emerging market growth; integrity risk; BRICs promise; jobs dilemma; employer flexibility; Emerging and frontier financial markets; Income inequality; COVID-19; Defense spending; Monetary unions; Global; Africa; Asia and Pacific; West Africa; Europe; Caribbean; South Asia
Cover Policy Papers
Key Trends in Implementing The Fund's Transparency Policy
International Monetary Fund. Strategy, Policy, &amp
,
Review Department
, and
International Monetary Fund. Secretary's Department
At the time of the 2005 Review of the Fund’s Transparency Policy, the Executive Board requested regular updates on trends in implementing the transparency policy. The tables in this report provide an overview of recent developments, reflecting information on documents considered by the Board in 2017 and updating the previous annual report on Key Trends. Deeper analysis of these trends is undertaken in the context of periodic reviews of the Fund’s Transparency Policy.
Keywords:
PP; country; country policy intention document; report; publication lag; UFR document; UFR report; policy intention document; deletion request; Emerging and frontier financial markets; Monetary unions; Central and Eastern Europe; Middle East; Western Hemisphere; Africa; Asia and Pacific
Cover Regional Economic Outlook, April 2019, Sub-Saharan Africa
Regional Economic Outlook, April 2019, Sub-Saharan Africa
Recovery Amid Elevated Uncertainty
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.

Abstract

The economic recovery in sub-Saharan Africa is expected to continue, but at a slower pace than envisaged in October 2018. This weaker outlook reflects domestic and external challenges. On the external side, the global expansion is losing momentum, including in China and the euro area, trade tensions remain elevated, global financial conditions have tightened, and commodity prices are expected to remain low. On the domestic front, security challenges, climate shocks, and policy uncertainty are hampering investment and weighing on economic prospects in several countries. Under current policies, medium-term average growth for the region is expected to continue to fall well short of what is needed to absorb the new entrants to the labor force and to deliver limited gains in living standards.

Keywords:
REO; country; RTGS dollar; tariff bottleneck; trade integration; unit of account; physical capital investment needs; Trade integration; Tariffs; Trade balance; Regional trade; Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Global; Southern Africa; East Africa; conflict intensity; conflict country; no-conflict scenario; exchange rate; Sahel region; conflicts in sub-Saharan Africa; tariff reduction; IMF staff calculation
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Thailand: Selected Issues
International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept
This Selected Issues paper examines the impact of key structural fiscal reforms on growth and other macro variables in Thailand. The study simulates the impact of: a public infrastructure push; labor market policies, including an increase in the pensionable age and in provision of childcare services; and a change in the composition of taxes from income taxes to value added tax to shed light on the desired composition of additional taxes to be levied in the longer term. The results indicate that structural reforms enabling higher infrastructure investment, stronger labor participation, and more efficient taxation can raise growth significantly and contribute to addressing domestic and external imbalances.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; financial condition; ASEAN economy; rule; loan; portfolio investment; monetary policy transmission mechanism; retirement age; inflation objective; infrastructure investment; Financial integration; Macroprudential policy; Macroprudential policy instruments; Financial sector stability; Regional integration; Global; Asia and Pacific