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Business and Economics > Budgeting

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Cover Policy Papers
Implementation Plan in Response to The Executive Board-Endorsed Recommendations From The IEO Evaluation on The IMF’s Pandemic Response
International Monetary Fund. Strategy, Policy, & Review Department
The Management Implementation Plan (MIP) proposes actions in response to the Board-endorsed recommendations provided by the Independent Evaluation Office (IEO)’s report on the IMF’s early response to the COVID pandemic. The two IEO recommendations aim for the Fund to (i) Develop special policies and procedures that could be quickly activated to address particular needs and circumstances of global crises and (ii) Take steps to reinforce the Fund’s institutional preparedness to deal with global crises and other large shocks. The MIP highlights how existing workstreams will be used to address part of the recommendations, specifically: (i) Drawing the lessons from the use of precautionary lending instruments during the pandemic and using them in the ongoing review of these facilities; (ii) Drawing the lessons from the implementation of governance safeguards in the context of covid-related emergency financing and respond to the actions identified in the final stocktaking; and (iii) Reviewing financial implications of covid-related lending on Poverty Reduction and Growth Trust (PRGT) resources in the regular updates on PRGT financing and resources. The MIP also defines new actions that aim to enhance the Fund’s preparedness to face future crises and are slated to be implemented by the end of FY25. These consists in: (i) Developing a crisis playbook, which will further codify Management’s commitment to an early participatory consultation with the Board in the event of a global crisis and inform the engagement with the Board on the broad strategy and institutional priorities for responding to the crisis; (ii) Enhancing the process of staff reallocation during a crisis through expanding the staff Talent Inventory to include skills and experience relevant in crises and examining HRD’s coordinating role in staff reallocation, as well as reviewing how recruitment processes could be made more agile in a crisis; (iii) Developing a strategy for surge capacity of the Crisis Management Team; (iv) Reviewing the experience of pandemic-related lending to low-income countries to consider the adequacy of access norms and the possible need for enhancements of the low-income lending toolkit against the long-term financial sustainability of the PRGT; and (v) Exploring ways to further strengthen the coordination with partners, especially the World Bank.
Keywords:
Management Implementation plan; COVID-19; pandemic response; IEO evaluation; lending; IEO recommendation; transparency policy; staff reallocation; implementation plan; Crisis management; Crisis prevention; Emergency assistance; Budget planning and preparation; Global
Cover Selected Issues Papers
Spending Efficiency and Reforms: France
Iulia Ruxandra Teodoru
and
Ruud Vermeulen
To rebuild fiscal buffers after large fiscal responses to successive shocks over 2020-22, France will need to reverse the trend spending increase observed over the last three decades through structural spending reforms. This paper identifies areas where scope for savings or efficiency gains exist based on an evaluation of the level and efficiency of public spending in France relative to European peers, using benchmarking analysis and stochastic frontier analysis to derive efficiency frontiers. Reforming social protection, health, education, and civil service, and rationalizing tax expenditures should preserve or improve outcomes while generating savings that would help meet medium-term adjustment needs.
Keywords:
Public Expenditure; Efficiency; Fiscal Consolidation; Fiscal Policy; France; efficiency frontier; efficiency gain; frontier analysis; IMF staff calculation; spending gap; Tax expenditures; Aging; Europe; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
France: Selected Issues
International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
The Selected Issues paper on France identifies areas where scope for savings or efficiency gains exist based on an analysis of public spending on key categories and related outcomes relative to peers. Reform of social protection, health, education, and civil service should preserve or improve outcomes while generating savings that would help meet medium-term adjustment needs. In parallel, rationalizing costly, distortive, or inefficient tax expenditures would allow for base broadening and partially offset permanent revenue losses from the rebalancing of revenues away from labor and production taxes. Social protection spending accounts for more than half of the spending gap with peers. Achieving more efficiency in local public administration will be critical to ensure the benefits of decentralization in France. Adequate subnational capacity and transparent multilevel governance, including efficient co-ordination mechanisms across levels of government is important to promote efficient public service delivery and regional development. Rationalizing and redesigning tax expenditures would improve their efficiency and generate substantial savings.
Keywords:
copyright page; No. 23/57; spending gap; wage bill; spending reform; Tax expenditures; Housing; Europe
Cover Policy Papers
FY2022—Output Cost Estimates and Budget Outturn
International Monetary Fund. Office of Budget and Planning
The paper presents highlights from the FY 2022 budget, followed by a discussion of outputs based on the Fund Thematic Categories and of inputs.
Keywords:
transparency policy; cloud capital equivalent spending; output cost estimate; major budget category; CD spending; Budget planning and preparation; Capital spending; COVID-19; Total expenditures; Global
Cover Policy Papers
Statement by the Managing Director on the Independent Evaluation Office Report on The IMF and Capacity Development Executive Board Meeting September 12, 2022
International Monetary Fund. Independent Evaluation Office
The IEO evaluation contains a wealth of analysis and background material that will be invaluable as staff embarks on the preparation of the 2023 CD Strategy Review. The overall assessment is very positive, highlighting the achievements authorities have made with the help of Fund CD and the value they continue to place on this area of Fund work. The report also acknowledges the significant strides that have been made in improving governance and management of CD in recent years.
Keywords:
IMF CD; fund engagement; CD impact; IEO evaluation; fund work; fund's CD; CD effectiveness; member country engagement; CD provider; Budget planning and preparation; COVID-19; Labor force; Human capital; Digital currencies
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Eastern Caribbean Currency Union: 2022 Article IV Consultation with Member Countries on Common Policies of the Eastern Caribbean Currency Union-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for the Eastern Caribbean Currency Union
International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.
This 2022 Article IV Consultation highlights that with Eastern Caribbean Currency Union economies slowly emerging from the pandemic with scars, the impact of the war in Ukraine is a setback to the nascent recovery. Higher food and energy prices, amid ongoing supply disruptions and intra-regional transportation bottlenecks, are raising inflation, eroding income, lowering output growth, worsening fiscal and external positions, and threatening food and energy security. The financial system has remained broadly stable so far, with adequate capital and liquidity buffers, but nonperforming loans remain high and could rise further following the expiration of the Eastern Caribbean Central Bank’s loan moratoria program. The outlook is subject to large downside risks, primarily from further increases in commodity prices and new coronavirus disease variants amid vaccine hesitancy, in addition to the ever-present threat of natural disasters. The report recommends that maintaining fiscal prudence while protecting the vulnerable through health spending and temporary targeted transfers and enhanced social safety nets to cope with rising living costs. Adopting well-designed rule-based fiscal frameworks would help achieve fiscal consolidation, enhance resilience to shocks such as natural disasters, and preserve the credibility of the regional debt target.
Keywords:
ECCU economy; ECCU member country; ECCU country; ECCU member states; ECCU region; Natural disasters; COVID-19; Fiscal stance; Caribbean; Global; Climate change; Loans
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Uganda: 2021 Article IV Consultation and First Review under the Extended Credit Facility Arrangement and Requests for Modifications of Performance Criteria-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Uganda
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
The authorities have reacted to the COVID-19 crisis in an appropriate manner, including through increased spending on health and a rollout of the vaccination program. Nevertheless, the deterioration of socio-economic indicators during the pandemic could create scars that would significantly lower growth if left unaddressed.
Keywords:
vis-à-vis nonresident; asset declaration regime; economic reform reform program; business-centric reform; excise duty regime; COVID-19; Credit; Global; Africa
Cover Policy Papers
Updated Framework on The Dissemination of Capacity Development Information
International Monetary Fund
The IMF’s capacity development (CD) information dissemination policy needs to adapt to a new landscape. The Fund is providing more CD and producing greater and more diverse types of CD-related information. Meanwhile, the external landscape has also evolved, as members, partners, and other CD providers increasingly expect greater transparency and access to information. This paper sets out envisaged reforms to further widen the dissemination and publication of CD information.
Keywords:
CD output; CD recipient; Non-fund staff audience; information dissemination policy; IMF training participant; Financial Sector Assessment Program; Tax gap; Budget planning and preparation; Financial sector stability; COVID-19; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
The Gambia: Article IV Consultation, Third Review under the Extended Credit Facility Arrangement, Request for Waivers of Nonobservance of Performance Criteria, and Financing Assurances Review-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for The Gambia
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Prior to the onset of the pandemic, The Gambia had shown strong macroeconomic performance in the few years following the remarkable political transition in 2016-17. Economic growth accelerated, debt vulnerabilities decreased, external stability strengthened, structural and legislative reforms advanced, and key social indicators improved. However, the COVID-19 pandemic halted some of the hard-won progress, stagnating economic activity and re-igniting extreme poverty. The Gambia experienced a third wave of the pandemic in mid-2021, which has receded recently. The COVID-19 vaccination rate currently stands at about 12 percent of the adult population. Presidential and parliamentary elections are planned for December 2021 and April 2022, respectively.
Keywords:
TA mission; budget support; vaccination campaign; IMF SDR allocation; ECF program; procurement contract; ECF arrangement; COVID-19; Debt service; Debt sustainability analysis; Global; Middle East
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Federated States of Micronesia: 2021 Article IV Consultation-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for the Federated States of Micronesia
International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept
The COVID-19 pandemic and related containment measures have put severe strains on the economy. The economic policy response has been strong and generally appropriate, helping counter the negative effects of the pandemic. Nevertheless, as the international borders remain shut, the economic contraction is likely to deepen in FY2021. A slow recovery is expected for FY2022 driven by a gradual border reopening. The FSM is facing significant medium-term uncertainty, owing to the possible expiration of grants and other assistance provided under the Compact Agreement with the United States. The FSM is also highly vulnerable to climate change-induced natural disasters.
Keywords:
FSM authority; FSM authorities; policy support; FSM economy; island state; FSM remain; COVID-19; Pacific Islands; Global