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Business and Economics > Budgeting

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Cover Technical Assistance Reports
Pakistan: Technical Assistance Report-Improving Budget Practices
International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept.
Pakistan’s tight fiscal situation will require strong control over the budget in coming years. This report provides recommendations on steps to strengthen the country’s fiscal institutions to deliver a more credible budget, tighten its execution and prevent policy slippages. It also advises on how to digitalize the budget process to improve monitoring and reporting.
Keywords:
Pakistan; budget credibility; digitalization; supplementary grants; budget process.; call circular; IMF resident representative; FAD team; IMF's Fiscal Affairs Department; FCDO staff; FAD expert; Budget planning and preparation; Budget execution and treasury management; Budget execution processes; Macroeconomic and fiscal forecasts; Africa
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Pakistan: Technical Assistance Report–Public Investment Management Assessment–PIMA and Climate PIMA
International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept.
This Technical Assistance report on Pakistan presents public investment management assessment (PIMA) and Climate PIMA. This report finds that while Pakistan scores slightly above average compared to the emerging market economies that have undertaken the PIMA to date there are still significant gaps in key areas the impede the delivery of critical infrastructure services in Pakistan. Pakistan has taken some important steps to improve public investment management, including through reforms incorporated in the Public Financial Management Act 2019 and the 2021 Manual for Development Projects. With Pakistan’s highly constrained budgetary resources, selecting the right projects for funding becomes even more critical. Government has some skilled staff that can move reforms to address these challenges forward, though it will be difficult. While some staff have a good understanding of strong practices, achieving implementation through changed approaches and culture across the public sector requires focused and sustained effort. Building knowledge of climate change aspects at all stages of the project cycle is also a priority.
Keywords:
Public Investment Management; Climate Change; Public financial management; Infrastructure Governance; climate PIMA; management ASSESSEMENT-PIMA; IMF's Fiscal Affairs Department; management institution; D. investment allocation; auditor general; Public investment spending; Budget planning and preparation; Climate policy; Infrastructure; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Pakistan: 2021 Article IV Consultation, Sixth Review Under the Extended Arrangement Under the Extended Fund Facility, and Requests for Waivers of Applicability and Nonobservance of Performance Criteria and Rephasing of Access-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Pakistan
International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept.
Economic activity has rebounded strongly on the back of waning COVID-19 infections and expansionary fiscal and monetary policies. However, strong import growth—fueled by the macroeconomic policy mix, higher international commodity prices, and credit growth—have led to a marked deterioration of the external position. The current account deficit has widened, the rupee depreciated markedly, and inflation remains persistently high.
Keywords:
Policy recommendation; test positivity rate; Covid pandemic; H. SOE sector reform; SOE debt; Greenhouse gas emissions; Public enterprises; Exports; Global; Middle East; North Africa; Central Asia
Cover Policy Papers
FY2020 - Output Cost Estimates and Budget Outturn
International Monetary Fund. Office of Budget and Planning
The paper presents highlights from the FY 2020 budget, followed by a discussion of outputs based on the Fund Thematic Categories and of inputs.
Keywords:
PP; expenditures FY; dollar spending; spending execution; unspent FY 18; digitalization strategy; management fee; Medium-term budget; Budget planning and preparation; Capital spending; Financial Sector Assessment Program; COVID-19; Middle East and Central Asia; Global; Asia and Pacific; Western Hemisphere
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Pakistan: First Review Under the Extended Arrangement Under the Extended Fund Facility and Request for Modification of Performance Criteria-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Pakistan
International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept.
This paper discusses Pakistan’s First Review Under the Extended Arrangement Under the Extended Fund Facility and Request for Modification of Performance Criteria. Pakistan’s program is on track and has started to bear fruit. However, risks remain elevated. Strong ownership and steadfast reform implementation are critical to entrench macroeconomic stability and support robust and balanced growth. The authorities are committed to sustaining the progress on fiscal adjustment to place debt on a downward path. The planned reforms include strengthening tax revenue mobilization, including the elimination of tax exemptions and loopholes, and prudent expenditure policies. Preparations for a comprehensive tax policy reform should start early to ensure timely implementation. The authorities have adopted a comprehensive plan to address the accumulation of arrears in the power sector. Its full implementation is key to improve collection, reduce losses, and enhance governance. Timely and regular adjustment of energy tariffs will bring the sector in line with cost recovery.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; exchange rate; government; reform implementation; implementation; SDR; private sector investment; government effort; reform of the state-owned enterprise sector; Pakistani authorities; economic reform reform program; Budget planning and preparation; Tariffs; Global; Asia and Pacific
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Pakistan: Request for an Extended Arrangement Under the Extended Fund Facility-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Pakistan
International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept.
Pakistan’s economy is at a critical juncture. Misaligned economic policies, including large fiscal deficits, loose monetary policy, and defense of an overvalued exchange rate, fueled consumption and short-term growth in recent years, but steadily eroded macroeconomic buffers, increased external and public debt, and depleted international reserves. Structural weaknesses remained largely unaddressed, including a chronically weak tax administration, a difficult business environment, inefficient and loss making SOEs, and low labor productivity amid a large informal economy. Without urgent policy action, economic and financial stability could be at risk, and growth prospects will be insufficient to meet the needs of a rapidly growing population.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; government; letter of credit; fund letters of credit; approval; Pakistani authorities; economic reform program; overvalued exchange rate; deficit monetization; Budget planning and preparation; Global; Asia and Pacific
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Pakistan: Twelfth and Final Review Under the Extended Arrangement, Request for Waivers of Nonobservance of Performance Criteria, and Proposal for Post-Program Monitoring-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Pakistan
International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept.
This paper discusses Pakistan’s Twelfth and Final Review Under the Extended Arrangement, Request for Waivers of Nonobservance of Performance Criteria (PCs), and Proposal for Post-Program Monitoring. The authorities met most PCs at end-June 2016, but the PCs on the budget deficit and Net Domestic Assets (NDA) of the State Bank of Pakistan were missed by small margins. They also met all program indicative targets. Structural benchmarks on financial sector reform, privatization, and energy sector reform were met. The IMF staff supports the authorities’ request for completion of the twelfth review under the arrangement and for waivers for nonobservance of the end-June PCs on the budget deficit and NDA.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; reform; business climate reform strategy; power sector reform; authority; administration reform; discussion of Pakistan; SBP law; Business environment; South Asia; Europe
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Pakistan: Tenth Review Under the Extended Arrangement and Request for Modification of Performance Criteria-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Pakistan
International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept.
This paper discusses economic performance status and policy developments of Pakistan. Amid setbacks to structural reform, the authorities have made substantial progress in restoring economic stability. Economic activity continues to strengthen gradually. International reserve buffers are increasing amid a broadly stable current account deficit. However, there are number of risks to the economy. Slower growth in key advanced markets such as China and the Gulf can further erode export competiveness. The Pakistani government is determined to maintain fiscal consolidation in FY 2015/16 and over the medium term. Continued tax administration reforms are important for further improving tax compliance and supporting revenue mobilization.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; government; executive board's decision; SDR; authority; monetary policy stance; loss-making public sector enterprise; discussion of Pakistan; end-December SB; Public sector; Budget planning and preparation; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Pakistan: Eighth Review Under the Extended Arrangement and Request for Waivers of Nonobservance of Performance Criteria-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Pakistan
International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept.
This paper discusses Pakistan’s Eighth Review Under the Extended Arrangement and Request for Waivers of Nonobservance of Performance Criteria (PC). Two end-June 2015 quantitative PCs and three indicative targets were missed, but deviations were either minor or temporary and corrective actions have been taken as needed. The authorities remain on track to meet the end-September 2015 program targets. Although the program’s monetary PCs were met, the PCs on the fiscal deficit and government borrowing from the central bank were missed. The end-September structural benchmark (SB) to improve the central bank’s interest corridor and the end-November SB to enact the Credit Bureau Bill were met ahead of time.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; executive board's decision; authority; reform effort; amount; authorities in association; deficit; Pakistani authorities; anchor inflation expectation; Budget planning and preparation; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Pakistan: Seventh Review Under the Extended Arrangement and Modification of Performance Criteria
International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept.
This paper discusses Pakistan’s Seventh Review Under the Extended Arrangement and Modification of Performance Criteria (PCs). All end-March 2015 quantitative PCs were achieved, as well as the indicative target (IT) on cash transfers under the Benazir Income Support program. The IT on federal tax revenue was missed by a small margin, reflecting legal challenges to some of the tax measures and the negative impact of lower global commodity prices. The authorities have taken action to improve revenue and remain on track to meet the end-June 2015 fiscal deficit target. The IMF staff supports the authorities’ request for modifications of the end-June net international reserves PC, and completion of the seventh review under the arrangement.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; authority; power sector payables reduction plan; electricity tariff; plan; budget deficit target; implemented policy; authorities' action; Pakistani authorities; GST regime; Government debt management; Global; South Asia; Central Asia