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Business and Economics > Budgeting

You are looking at 1 - 10 of 13 items for :

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Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Burundi: Request for a 38-Month Arrangement under the Extended Credit Facility-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Burundi
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
This paper highlights Burundi’s Request for a 38-Month Arrangement under the Extended Credit Facility (ECF). Burundi faces protracted balance of payments needs with a widening current account deficit and low foreign reserves coverage, large development needs, and macroeconomic challenges triggered by spillovers from the war in Ukraine and domestic climate shocks and livestock sanitary crisis. The 38-month arrangement under the ECF will help cushion Burundi’s adjustment and support the authorities’ reform agenda aimed at reducing debt vulnerabilities, recalibrating exchange rate and monetary policies to restore external sustainability, and strengthening inclusive economic growth and governance. Under the ECF arrangement, the authorities aim to recalibrate Burundi’s macroeconomic policy mix. They plan to restore external sustainability with the unification of the official and parallel exchange rate markets and foreign exchange market liberalization, while being attuned to financial sector vulnerabilities. They will strengthen debt sustainability and achieve a better-quality fiscal consolidation path through higher domestic revenue mobilization, scaled-up investment and better targeted spending, and prudent borrowing.
Keywords:
year contract; Burundian authorities; coordination committee; FX market liberalization; policy reform; anchor inflation expectation; Currency markets; Africa; Global; Southern Africa; East Africa
Cover IMF Working Papers
Fiscal Transparency, Borrowing Costs, and Foreign Holdings of Sovereign Debt
Laurent Kemoe
and
Zaijin Zhan
This paper explores the effects of fiscal transparency on the borrowing costs of 33 emerging and developing economies (EMs), and on foreign demand for their sovereign debt. Using multiple indicators, including a constructed one based on the published data in the IMF’s Government Finance Statistics Yearbook, we measure the separate effects of the three dimensions of fiscal transparency: openness of the budget process, fiscal data transparency, and accountability of fiscal actors. The results suggest that higher fiscal transparency reduces sovereign interest rate spreads and increases foreign holdings of sovereign debt, with each dimension of fiscal transparency playing a different role. Availability of detailed cross-country comparable fiscal data, especially for balance sheet items, has shown to increase foreign investors’ willingness in holding EM sovereign debt.
Keywords:
WP; financial risk; debt sustainability issue; EMBI index; interest rate; Fiscal transparency; Borrowing costs; Emerging market economies; investors holding; risk appetite; EM debt; influence investors decision making; investor inflow; EMBI yield spread; Government finance statistics; Emerging and frontier financial markets; Budget planning and preparation; Global
Cover IMF Working Papers
Commodity-based Sovereign Wealth Funds: Managing Financial Flows in the Context of the Sovereign Balance Sheet
Abdullah Al-Hassan
,
Sue Brake
,
Mr. Michael G. Papaioannou
, and
Martin Skancke
Commodity-based sovereign wealth funds (SWFs) have been at a crossroads following the recent fall in commodity prices. This paper provides a framework for commodity-based SWF management, focusing on stabilization and savings funds, by (i) examining macrofiscal linkages for SWFs; (ii) presenting an integrated sovereign asset and liability management (SALM) approach to SWF management; and (iii) applying this framework to a scenario where assets are being accumulated and to a scenario where the SWF is drawn on to cover a financing gap due to lower commodity prices.
Keywords:
WP; asset; price; financial asset; liquidity; commodity; sovereign wealth funds; sovereign asset and liability management; financing gap; investment management; risk management; macroeconomic coordination; SWF assets; SWF management; investment strategy; asset accumulation; net asset position; SWF balance sheet; asset allocation perspective; negative carry; SWF inflow; SWF performance; SWF owner country; opportunity cost; Financial statements; Government debt management; Government asset and liability management; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Rwanda: Sixth Review Under the Policy Support Instrument and Request for Extension of the Policy Support Instrument—Staff Report; Press Release
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Rwanda has responded to lower aid by tightening policies and drawing on its foreign reserves to cushion the impact on the economy. Economic activity has been resilient despite lower aid inflows. The agreed framework for the FY2013/14 budget is in line with Policy Support Instrument (PSI) objectives. The government’s intention to develop a comprehensive plan for enhancing domestic revenue mobilization over the medium term is timely. Rwanda’s new poverty reduction strategy (EDPRS2) and the commitment to tighten the monetary stance while allowing greater exchange rate flexibility is encouraging.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; inflation pressure; consumer price inflation; foreign exchange market pressure; inflation low; broad money; Monetary base; Exchange rate flexibility; Budget planning and preparation; Exchange rates; Current spending; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
St. Kitts and Nevis: Second Review Under the Stand-By Arrangement and the Financing Assurances Review, and Request for Waivers of Applicability: Staff Report and Press Release
International Monetary Fund
The Second Review Under the Stand-By Arrangement with St. Kitts and Nevis highlights that economic activity continued to contract in 2011 while the current account balance improved and banks remained sound. All quantitative performance criteria for end-December 2011 were met, and the structural benchmarks were completed. The authorities have made progress in a comprehensive debt restructuring, including a successful completion of the restructuring of bonds and external commercial debt on April 18, 2012, and agreement on a debt-land swap.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; debt; expenditure arrears; St. Kitts and Nevis' IMF quota; GDP; net; debt exchange offer; GDP deflator; SSMC debt; par bond; ECCU debt target; short-term debt; period debt stock; St. Kitts and Nevis authorities; Debt restructuring; Debt service; Caribbean; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Malawi: Staff Report for 2009 Article IV Consultation and Request for a Three-Year Arrangement Under the Extended Credit Facility
International Monetary Fund
This 2009 Article IV Consultation highlights that Malawi’s macroeconomic performance has improved significantly over the past two years, and the country’s agricultural-based economy has weathered the global economic storm relatively well. Good weather and the distribution of subsidized fertilizer have contributed to robust growth and moderate inflation in recent years. Malawi’s medium-term outlook is favorable, within the context of successful implementation of the Extended Credit Facility-supported program. Growth is expected to remain buoyant, but moderate somewhat relative to the high growth of the recent past.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; Malawi; repayment target; donor disbursement delay; exchange rate appreciation; services expenditure; consumer price inflation; article IV consultation discussion; Exchange rates; Currency markets; Current account; Budget planning and preparation; Global
Cover IMF Working Papers
Measuring and Analyzing Sovereign Risk with Contingent Claims
Michael T. Gapen
,
Mr. Dale F Gray
,
Cheng Hoon Lim
, and
Ms. Yingbin Xiao
This paper develops a comprehensive new framework to measure and analyze sovereign risk. Since traditional macroeconomic vulnerability indicators and accounting-based measures do not address risk in a comprehensive and forward-looking way, the contingent claims approach is used to construct a marked-to-market balance sheet for the sovereign, and derive a set of credit-risk indicators that serve as a barometer of sovereign risk. Applications to 12 emerging market economies show the risk indicators to be robust and highly correlated with market spreads. The framework can help policymakers design risk mitigation strategies and rank policy options using a calibrated structural model unique to each economy.
Keywords:
WP; sovereign assets; asset value; balance sheet
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Nigeria: Selected Issues and Statistical Appendix
International Monetary Fund
This Selected Issues and Statistical Appendix paper presents an assessment of Nigeria’s past economic reform efforts—in particular the program supported by the 2000–01 Stand-By Arrangement (SBA). The paper also reviews weaknesses in the current fiscal management framework in Nigeria and proposes reforms to further strengthen the budget process. It describes weaknesses in the current public debt management framework and the government’s reform strategy. It highlights the reform implication and addresses further actions that will be needed to put the government’s domestic debt reform strategy on a solid foundation.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; government; price; Nigeria; product; retail price; reform success; reform effort; investment cost; reform implication; reform implementation; privatization program; Currency markets; Budget planning and preparation; Government debt management; Oil; West Africa; Africa; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Portugal: Staff Report for the 2002 Article IV Consultation
International Monetary Fund
This 2002 Article IV Consultation on Portugal highlights that after an extended strong economic expansion, the GDP growth stalled in 2002 and, at 0.5 percent, fell below the euro area average for the first time in almost a decade. The growth slowdown reflected a broad-based decline in domestic demand as households began to adjust to high indebtedness levels and a deteriorating employment outlook. Investment continued to fall amid slowing demand prospects and rising global and domestic uncertainty. The weakness in domestic demand led to a decline of imports.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; deficit; deficit estimate; estimate; outturn; GDP; asset sale; indebtedness level; credit growth; IMF's assessment; IMF to the public; Fiscal consolidation; Fiscal stance; Asset management; Global; Europe
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Islamic Republic of Mauritania: Sixth Review Under the Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility Arrangement and Request for Waiver of a Performance Criterion
International Monetary Fund
This paper focuses on the Islamic Republic of Mauritania’s Sixth Review Under the Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility (PRGF) and a Request for Waiver of Performance Criterion. Performance under the PRGF-supported program remained strong in 2002. All the quantitative and structural performance criteria and benchmarks were met except for the publication of the audit of the central bank accounts, which was delayed for technical reasons. The IMF staff commends the authorities for bringing to a successful conclusion the current PRGF Arrangement and for their impressive record on macroeconomic stability and structural reforms.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; PRGF arrangement; authority; allocation mechanism; PRGF loan; broad money; PRGF-supported program; inflation low; Currency markets; Budget planning and preparation; Commercial banks; West Africa