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Business and Economics > Banks and Banking

You are looking at 1 - 10 of 122 items for :

  • Type: Journal Issue x
  • Comparison of Public and Private Enterprises and Nonprofit Institutions; Privatization; Contracting Out x
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Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Togo: Selected Issues
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Selected Issues
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; Togo; outlay; authority; education outlay; frontier
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Togo: Selected Issues
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
This Selected Issues paper investigates state-owned financial institutions’ (SOFIs) performance in developing economies. It focuses on Sub-Saharan Africa, zooming in on the Togolese experience with SOFIs and privatization, at a time when the Togolese government has decided to further disengage from the financial sector. Typically set up with a public interest and financial inclusion mandate, SOFIs tend to weaken financial stability and fiscal discipline in developing economies, especially if they are not typically regulated and supervised on the same basis as other banks. Togo’s and cross-country experiences suggest that performance improves more after privatization when the government fully relinquishes control, when banks are privatized to strategic investors rather than through share issues, and when bidding is open to all, including foreign banks. The success of privatization also hinges on the business environment for competition, governance, and entry, on banks’ valuation and how policy concerns are dealt with, as well as on owner’s prudential review quality.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; Togo; outlay; authority; education outlay; frontier; social spending; spending leakage; ECF program; education expenditures in Togo; health performance; WAEMU country; frontier analysis; Privatization; State-owned banks; Corruption; Commercial banks; Sub-Saharan Africa; Global
Cover Departmental Papers
Reassessing the Role of State-Owned Enterprises in Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe
Christine J. Richmond
,
Ms. Dora Benedek
,
Ezequiel Cabezon
,
Bobana Cegar
,
Mr. Peter Dohlman
,
Michelle Hassine
,
Beata Jajko
,
Piotr Kopyrski
,
Maksym Markevych
,
Mr. Jacques A Miniane
,
Mr. Francisco J Parodi
,
Gabor Pula
,
Mr. James Roaf
,
Min Kyu Song
,
Mariya Sviderskaya
,
Ms. Rima A Turk
, and
Mr. Sebastian Weber
The Central, Eastern, and South Eastern European (CESEE) region is ripe for a reassessment of the role of the state in economic activity. The rapid income convergence with Western Europe of the early 2000s was not always equally shared across society, and it has now slowed dramatically in many countries of the region.
Keywords:
DPPP; DP; private sector; CESEE country; country authorities; economic activity; return on assets; ownership policy; IMF staff calculation; return on equity; holding company; support SOEs; country authority datum; composite index; aluminum company Hydro Aluminum A.S.; company Hydro Aluminum A.S.; SOE performance; government interference; Public enterprises; Privatization; Corporate governance; Employment; Global; Eastern Europe; SOE governance; CESEE region SOB; SOE presence; governance index; Total factor productivity; Europe
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Saudi Arabia: Selected Issues
International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept.
Saudi Arabia: Selected Issues
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; private sector; debt management; real GDP; GDP; expenditure
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Saudi Arabia: Selected Issues
International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept.
This Selected Issues paper discusses the options for financing the government fiscal deficit in Saudi Arabia. The Saudi government is working to develop a comprehensive strategy to meet its budget financing needs. Although external borrowing could alleviate pressure on the domestic market, it will also create new risks. Reliance on foreign investors may help further enhance transparency. Foreign investors’ demand for diversification could also allow the Saudi government to enjoy attractive yields. Broadening the investor base and ensuring that the government’s debt issuance supports the development of the private debt market could help alleviate some of the negative economic and financial effects of higher government debt.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; private sector; debt management; real GDP; GDP; expenditure; government ownership; private sector employment; employment of national; expenditure adjustment; asset portfolio; government balance sheet; water authority; privatization program; investor base; capital stock; government share; price drop; Government debt management; Privatization; Sovereign bonds; Oil prices; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Republic of Kosovo: First Review Under the Stand-By Arrangement, and Request for Modification of Performance Criteria: Staff Report; Press Release on the Executive Board Discussion.
International Monetary Fund
This paper presents findings of the First Review Under the Stand-By Arrangement (SBA) for the Republic of Kosovo. The paper highlights that macroeconomic and financial policies are broadly on-track. All end-April and continuous quantitative performance criteria under the SBA were met with comfortable margins, as a modest shortfall in revenue collection was overcompensated by underexecution of spending. The program’s key objectives remain restoring a sustainable fiscal position and sufficient government cash buffers, anchoring fiscal policy through the introduction of a fiscal rule, and enhancing the resilience of the financial system.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; central bank; cash buffer; government bank balances; country authorities; liquidity needs; fiscal policy; trust fund; IMF staff estimate; debt service; financial system; private sector; capital expenditure; foreign direct investment; labor market; PTK privatization receipts; Fiscal stance; Privatization; Budget planning and preparation; Europe
Cover IMF Working Papers
Local Governments’ Fiscal Balance, Privatization, and Banking Sector Reform in Transition Countries
Ernesto Crivelli
Several transition economies have undertaken fiscal decentralization reforms over the past two decades along with liberalization, privatization, and stabilization reforms. Theory predicts that decentralization may aggravate fiscal imbalances, unless the right incentives are in place to promote fiscal discipline. This paper uses a panel of 20 transition countries over 19 years to address a central question of fact: Did privatization help to promote local governments’ fiscal discipline? The answer is clearly ‘no’ for privatization considered in isolation. However, privatization and subnational fiscal autonomy along with reforms to the banking system - restraining access to soft financing - may prove effective at improving fiscal balances among local governments.
Keywords:
WP; local government; government; Fiscal decentralization; Privatization; Soft budget constraints; Transition; banking sector reform; Has privatization; budget balance; local government expenditure; FA x privatization; transition country; Commercial banks; Public enterprises; Budget planning and preparation; Government asset and liability management; Eastern Europe; Central and Eastern Europe
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Greece: Fifth Review Under the Stand-By Arrangement, Rephasing and Request for Waivers of Nonobservance of Performance Criteria; Press Release on the Executive Board Discussion; and Statement by the Executive Director for Greece.
International Monetary Fund
The Executive Board of the IMF has completed the fifth review of Greece’s economic performance under a program supported by a three-year Stand-By Arrangement (SBA) for the country. The completion of the review enables the immediate disbursement of an amount equivalent to SDR1.9 billion, bringing total IMF disbursements under the SBA to an amount equivalent to SDR 17.5 billion. The creation of a national unity government and the endorsement of program objectives and policies by major parties is an important step.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; government; executive board chair; deficit; government program; privatization plan; government's privatization plan; government support; unity government; ECB liquidity; Budget planning and preparation; Privatization; Europe
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Greece: Fifth Review Under the Stand-By Arrangement, Rephasing and Request for Waivers of Nonobservance of Performance Criteria; Press Release on the Executive Board Discussion; and Statement by the Executive Director for Greece.
International Monetary Fund
The Executive Board approved a three-year Stand-by Arrangement for Greece in the amount of SDR 26.4 billion. Purchases have been made at the time of approval and upon completion of each of the first four reviews. The authorities decided to promote a number of actions, including a further reduction in the public sector salaries, cuts in pensions, the creation of a labor reserve, significant tax expenditure reductions, and the introduction of a property tax. The authorities are accelerating the implementation of structural reforms aimed at promoting employment, investment, and market efficiency.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; government; executive board chair; deficit; government program; privatization plan; government's privatization plan; government support; unity government; ECB liquidity; Budget planning and preparation; Privatization; Europe
Cover Fiscal Monitor, September 2011
Fiscal Monitor, September 2011
Addressing Fiscal Challenges to Reduce Economic Risks
International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept.

Abstract

Despite progress in addressing key fiscal weaknesses in many countries, significant policy challenges remain in advanced, emerging, and low-income economies, and must be faced in an environment where downside risks to growth have increased. Many advanced economies face very large adjustment needs to reduce risks related to high debt ratios. The appropriate pace of adjustment in the short run will depend, for each country, on the intensity of the market pressure it confronts, the magnitude of the risks to growth it faces, and the credibility of its medium-term program. The euro area needs to sustain fiscal consolidation, minimize its growth fallout, and address concerns about the adequacy of crisis resolution mechanisms. In Japan and the United States, sufficiently detailed and ambitious plans to reduce deficits and debts are needed to prevent credibility from weakening. Meanwhile, many emerging economies need to make faster progress in strengthening fiscal fundamentals before cyclical factors or spillovers from advanced economies turn against them. Low-income countries also need to rebuild fiscal buffers, while addressing spending needs.

Keywords:
FM; debt; economy; deficit; market participant; government debt dynamics; privatization proceeds; stock-flow adjustment; debt decrease; Privatization; Macroeconomic and fiscal forecasts; Fiscal stance; Value-added tax; Global; Africa; Europe; Middle East; North Africa; Asia and Pacific; Sub-Saharan Africa; growing concern; liquidity pressure; investment process; Bond yields; Food prices; Yield curve; Caribbean