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Mr. Francis Vitek
This paper analyzes the sources of output and unemployment dynamics in the world economy during the Great Recession. This analysis is based on a panel unobserved components model of the world economy, disaggregated into its fifteen largest national economies. We find that excess supply pressure was primarily transmitted from the output market to the labor market by economy specific combinations of negative domestic or foreign output demand shocks, mitigated to varying degrees by countercyclical labor market policies or institutions.
International Monetary Fund
This Selected Issues paper of the Republic of Estonia reviews the current account deficits, sustainability, and external solvency in the Baltic countries. The paper describes labor market trends in Estonia after the transition, institutional makeup of the market, and its effects on unemployment. The paper also discusses developments in regional unemployment, effects of regional disparities on average unemployment, and policy recommendations. Finally, the statistical appendix highlights the IMF's projections and estimates for the Republic of Estonia.
International Monetary Fund
Luxembourg's impressive growth performance has been accompanied by regional specialization of production, high labor mobility, export-propelled growth, and the dominance of regional growth fluctuations. Luxembourg's public pension system faces the challenges of population aging and Luxembourg's small, open, and highly specialized economy. Luxembourg's labor market performance holds a seeming paradox, favorable labor market outcomes are coupled with rigid labor market institutions. The supervision of cross-border financial activities raises the difficult challenge of obtaining a complete, consolidated view of the operations of international banking institutions.