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Business and Economics > Banks and Banking

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Cover Analytical Notes
Guidance Note For Developing Government Local Currency Bond Markets
International Monetary Fund
and
World Bank
This guidance note was prepared by International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank Group staff under a project undertaken with the support of grants from the Financial Sector Reform and Strengthening Initiative, (FIRST).The aim of the project was to deliver a report that provides emerging market and developing economies with guidance and a roadmap in developing their local currency bond markets (LCBMs). This note will also inform technical assistance missions in advising authorities on the formulation of policies to deepen LCBMs.
Keywords:
AN; market development; repo market; investor base; reverse repo; government securities; price discovery; banking sector; market-making privilege; market regulation; market fragmentation; repo market development; market infrastructure; Government securities; Securities; Bonds; Securities markets; Government debt management; Global; Africa; East Asia; currency bond markets; IMF expert; government bond market development; bond market reform plans; government debt market; bond market Association; IMF Library; Yield curve; Southeast Asia; Money markets
Cover Таможенные вопросы
Таможенные вопросы
Укрепление таможенной службы в меняющемся мире
Augusto A Perez Azcarraga
,
Tadatsugu Matsudaira
,
Gilles Montagnat-Rentier
,
Janos Nagy
, and
R. James Clark

Abstract

Перед таможенными службами во всем мире встают новые задачи: растущий объем международной торговли, революция в новых технологиях и фундаментальные изменения в бизнес-моделях. Преимущества хорошо функционирующей таможенной администрации очевидны, равно как и необходимость развития эффективных, действенных, справедливых и современных таможенных администраций. Книга «Таможенные вопросы» анализирует многочисленные изменения и проблемы, с которыми сталкиваются таможенные администрации, и предлагают пути их решения. Предлагая разноплановый взгляд на основные аспекты таможенного администрирования, книга служит руководством для директивных органов и должностных лиц таможенных служб при оценке текущего состояния их таможенных систем в целях разработки, совершенствования или продвижения своих планов действий по модернизации таможенной службы.

Keywords:
таможня; соблюдение обязательств по уплате налогов; принудительное взыскание налогов; уклонение от уплаты налогов; обеспечение безопасности границ; торговля; модернизация налоговой службы; государственная служба; государственные финансы; налог на добавленную стоимость
Cover ФИНАНСОВАЯ СИСТЕМА ИНДИИ
ФИНАНСОВАЯ СИСТЕМА ИНДИИ
Создание основы для сильного и устойчивого роста

Abstract

This book has not been published yet and can only be found as an excerpt at the moment.

Keywords:
Growth and financial system; banking; corporate bond markets; macro-financial linkages; volatile capital flows; resolution frameworks; green finance; financial inclusion; monetary policy communication
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Republic of Uzbekistan: Technical Assistance Report-External Sector Statistics Mission (September 30-October 11, 2010)
International Monetary Fund. Statistics Dept.
At the request of the Republic of Uzbekistan authorities for technical assistance (TA) on external sector statistics (ESS), and with the support of the Middle East and Central Asia Department (MCD) of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), a mission from the IMF Statistics Department (STA) visited Tashkent from September 30 through October 11, 2019. This was the second TA mission under the auspices of the Data for Decisions Fund and the third since the Presidential Order of September 12, 2017, on Measures to Ensure the Accessibility and Openness of Economic and Financial Data for the Republic of Uzbekistan was issued.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; CBU balance; nonfinancial corporation; SSC data; CBU estimate; CBU survey; CBU website; debt forgiveness; trade credit assets
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Kyrgyz Republic: Request for Purchase Under the Rapid Financing Instrument and Disbursement under the Rapid Credit Facility-Press Release; and Staff Report
International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept.
The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has weakened the macroeconomic outlook. The authorities have launched a health care contingency plan and an initial package of economic measures, together totaling $31 million (0.4 percent of GDP), and are preparing a second, larger package of economic measures of about $400 million (5.2 percent of GDP). To help address an urgent balance of payments need arising from the pandemic, estimated at about $500 million, the authorities request an additional purchase under the Rapid Financing Instrument (RFI) of 33.3 percent of quota (SDR 59.2 million) and a disbursement under the Rapid Credit Facility (RCF) of 16.7 percent of quota (SDR 29.6 million) under the “exogenous shock” window of the RCF. This follows Board approval on March 26, 2020 of the authorities’ earlier request for the same amounts, before the doubling of the annual access on emergency financing under the “exogenous shock” window of the Rapid Credit Facility (RCF) to 100 percent of quota was approved on April 6, 2020. This additional request will bring the total purchases under the RFI and the disbursements under the RCF to 100 percent of quota in 2020.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; IMF emergency support; support; Executive Board discussion; enterprise
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Kyrgyz Republic: Request for Purchase Under the Rapid Financing Instrument and Disbursement Under the Rapid Credit Facility-Press Release; Staff Report; Informational Annex; and Debt Sustainability Analysis
International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept.
This paper discusses Kyrgyz Republic’s Request for Purchase Under the Rapid Financing Instrument and Disbursement Under the Rapid Credit Facility. The COVID-19 pandemic has been hitting the Kyrgyz economy very hard and created an urgent balance of payments need. All sectors are being impacted with extreme severity as measures are being taken to stop the spread of the virus. Given the unprecedented high level of uncertainty, IMF emergency support under the Rapid Financing Instrument and the Rapid Credit Facility helps provide a backstop and increase buffers and shore up confidence. It also helps to preserve fiscal space for essential COVID- 19-related health expenditure and catalyze donor support. Banks’ capital and liquidity buffers need to be used to absorb credit losses and the liquidity squeeze. Once these buffers are exhausted, the central bank needs to show flexibility on the timing of bringing capital and liquidity above the minimum required, considering the length of the crisis. Expeditious donor support is needed to close the remaining balance of payments gap and ease the adjustment burden.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; IMF support; balance of payments gap
Cover Articles of Agreement
Articles of Agreement
International Monetary Fund

Abstract

The Articles of Agreement of the International Monetary Fund were adopted at the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference (Bretton Woods, New Hampshire) on July 22, 1944. They were originally accepted by 29 countries and since then have been signed and ratified by a total of 189 Member countries. As the charter of the organization, the Articles lay out the Fund’s purposes, which include the promotion of “international monetary cooperation through a permanent institution which provides the machinery for consultation and collaboration on international monetary problems”. The Articles also establish the mandate of the Organization and its members’ rights and obligations, its governance structure and roles of its organs, and lays out various rules of operations including those related to the conduct of its operations and transactions regarding the Special Drawing Rights. The key functions of the IMF are the surveillance of the international monetary system and the monitoring of members’ economic and financial policies, the provision of Fund resources to member countries in need, and the delivery of technical assistance and financial services. Since their adoption in 1944, the Articles of Agreement have been amended seven times, with the latest amendment adopted on December 15, 2010 (effective January 26, 2016). The Articles are complemented by the By-laws of the Fund adopted by the Board of Governors, themselves being supplemented by the Rules and Regulations adopted by the Executive Board.

Keywords:
AA; Fund; special drawing rights
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Republic of Kazakhstan: 2019 Article IV Consultation-Press Release; and Staff Report
International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept.
The political transition has increased the focus on social conditions and regional and rural development. Growth has been buoyed by new spending, retail credit, and oil and gas investments. Inflation has picked up, and the current account has deteriorated. Renewed fiscal consolidation is planned from 2020. Non-oil growth is expected to moderate to 4 percent (potential), as construction, fiscal stimulus, and household borrowing ease. Growth could be higher if decisive reforms drive productivity gains. The state continues to play a strong role in the economy, and the authorities face challenges ensuring that measures are well targeted and effective in promoting private sector growth. The challenges include oil volatility and dependency, reliance on subsidies and other state support, still-impaired banks, and governance vulnerabilities. The authorities are exploring ways to strengthen the fiscal framework, assessing monetary and exchange policies, undertaking a bank asset quality review (AQR), and establishing an independent financial sector regulator. Progress is being made on headline reforms, but ensuring decisive changes on the ground remains a challenge. Risks relate to oil prices and trading partner growth.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; IMF TA; headline inflation; IMF government Finance Statistics Yearbook; lending; government
Cover Departmental Papers
Frontiers of Economic Policy Communications
Ms. Olga Ilinichna Stankova
The paper provides an overall view of communications across various areas of economic policy, aiming to help country authorities as they increasingly use communications as a policy tool in its own right. The paper identifies frontier communications challenges, drawing on a large body of research on the salient issues. Although communications can never be a substitute for good policies, economic reforms are more likely to fail or even be reversed if they are not understood or accepted by those whom they affect.
Keywords:
DPPP; DP; public debate; financial system; balance of payments; bank guarantee
Cover Finance & Development
Finance & Development, September 2019
International Monetary Fund. Communications Department
Finance & Development, September 2019
Keywords:
FD; F&D; tax haven; economy; state; IMF research; government