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Western Hemisphere > Argentina

You are looking at 1 - 9 of 9 items for :

  • Type: Journal Issue x
  • Agriculture: General x
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Cover IMF Working Papers
Extreme Weather Events, Agricultural Output, and Insurance: Evidence from South America
Juliette Caucheteux
,
Jonas Nauerz
, and
Svetlana Vtyurina
Extreme weather has profoundly affected countries across South America (SA), given the importance of the agricultural sector for the economies. However, these effects have not yet been properly measured. In our study, we construct a unique dataset of high-frequency satellite data on temperature, precipitation, and a Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) that proxies the agricultural yield in selected countries. In particular, we then examine the effect of droughts on agricultural yields (soy output) and find that they have a significant negative impact and that there is heterogeneity in the response across countries. While insurance could help protect farmers against severe losses, coverage in the region is low, and barriers remain high. Building on existing literature and using a calibrated structural model, we highlight the benefits of insurance for Total Factor Productivity (TFP) and offer some recommendations for its expansion.
Keywords:
Agriculture; Productivity; NDVI; SPEI; Weather; Drought; Insurance; South America; weather event; soy output; loss from drought; benefits of insurance; NDVI in Brazil; Natural disasters; Agricultural sector; Agricultural production; Insurance companies; Caribbean
Cover IMF Working Papers
Determinants of Tax Revenue Efforts in Developing Countries
Abhijit Sen Gupta
This paper contributes to the existing empirical literature on the principal determinants of tax revenue performance across developing countries by using a broad dataset and accounting for some econometric issues that were previously ignored. The results confirm that structural factors such as per capita GDP, agriculture share in GDP, trade openness and foreign aid significantly affect revenue performance of an economy. Other factors include corruption, political stability, share of direct and indirect taxes etc. The paper also makes use of a revenue performance index, and finds that while several Sub Saharan African countries are performing well above their potential, some Latin American economies fall short of their revenue potential.
Keywords:
WP; revenue performance; tax revenue; effort index
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Paraguay: Recent Economic Developments
International Monetary Fund
The report provides an overview of the recent economic developments in Paraguay. The study analyzes the potential output, growth, prices, wages, and the labor market; and assesses the public finances, social security, and public enterprises. The paper reviews the monetary sector, evaluates the soundness of the banking sector and its developments, the external sector by assessing the balance-of-payments developments and the exchange and trade system. The study also provides a statistical appendix report of the country.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; current account; central bank; U.S. dollar; foreign currency; revenue system; monetary policy; competitiveness vis-à-vis; adjustable peg; Tariffs; Agricultural commodities; Exports; Public sector; Public enterprises
Cover IMF Working Papers
Exports, Inflation, and Growth
Thorvaldur Gylfason
This paper identifies some of the main determinants of exports and economic growth in cross-sectional data from the World Bank, covering 160 countries in the period 1985-1994. First, the linkages between the propensity to export and population, per capita income, agriculture, primary exports, and inflation are studied by statistical methods. Then, the relationship between economic growth and some of the above-mentioned determinants of exports and investment are scrutinized the same way. The main conclusion is that, in the period under review, high inflation and an abundance of natural resources tended to be associated with low exports and slow growth.
Keywords:
WP; export ratio; high-inflation country; medium-inflation country; primary export; Trade; Natural Resources; Inflation; Economic Growth; rate of growth; export differential; merchandise export; Exports; Personal income; Agricultural sector; Public expenditure review; East Asia; South Asia
Cover Trade Policy Issues
Trade Policy Issues

Abstract

This book edited by Chorng-Huey Wong and Naheed Kirmani, examines a wide range of trade policy issues relevant in the 1990s that were the subject of a seminar organized by the IMF in 1996. The topics include the design and implementation of trade reform, trade liberalization in industrial and transition economies, regional trading arrangements, the impact of the Uruguay Round, the role of the World Trade Organization, and post Uruguay Round issues.

Keywords:
BOOK; liberalization; trade; trade liberalization issue; country; post-Uruguay Round agenda; post-Uruguay Round issue; adjustment program; WTO agreement; Tariffs; Trade liberalization; Exports; Trade policy; Imports; Eastern Europe; Global; Western Hemisphere; Europe; Baltics
Cover IMF Working Papers
Geography, Trade Patterns, and Economic Policy
Mr. Carlos M. Asilis
and
Luis Rivera-Batiz
This paper presents a geographical theory of location and interregional trade. Location is treated as an endogenous variable by firms, consumers and perfectly mobile workers in a two-sector economy. Space plays a central role owing to transportation costs, market access, and distance from polluting industrial centers. The model is used to examine: (1) aspects of a compensating-differential theory of regional unevenness, (2) the theoretical formulation of a gravity theory of trade patterns, (3) the geographic basis for industrial and environmental policy, and (4) the interaction between reductions in transportation costs, location patterns, and technological improvements.
Keywords:
WP; increasing returns; cost of living; transportation cost; trade pattern; increasing returns to scale; resource allocation; cost reduction; Transportation; Manufacturing; Agricultural sector; Wages; Eastern Europe; North America; Asia and Pacific; Global
Cover Finance & Development
Finance & Development, March 1992
International Monetary Fund. External Relations Dept.
For the latest thinking about the international financial system, monetary policy, economic development, poverty reduction, and other critical issues, subscribe to Finance & Development (F&D). This lively quarterly magazine brings you in-depth analyses of these and other subjects by the IMF’s own staff as well as by prominent international experts. Articles are written for lay readers who want to enrich their understanding of the workings of the global economy and the policies and activities of the IMF.
Keywords:
FD; F&D; developing country; country; Boulder; CO; central bank; IMF lending process; stabilization experience; FDI flow; zed book; political systems; inflation inertia; Agricultural commodities; Commercial banks; Foreign direct investment; Inflation; Africa; Global; Sub-Saharan Africa; East Asia; Eastern Europe
Cover The Global Effects of Fund-Supported Adjustment Programs
The Global Effects of Fund-Supported Adjustment Programs
Mr. Morris Goldstein

Abstract

This is the second of a group of papers dealing with various aspects of Fund-supported adjustment Programs.

Keywords:
OP; country; program; Fund; Fund program; developing country; program effect; program-country group; oil developing countries; adjustment program; Exports; Imports; Exchange rate adjustments; Exchange rates; Global; Western Hemisphere; Africa
Cover Finance & Development
Finance & Development, March 1974
International Monetary Fund. External Relations Dept.
This paper highlights that the distribution of income and wealth in developing countries has become a matter of great concern to all those interested in development. The paper highlights that in Latin America, the poorest half of the population receives about the same share of income as the top 1 percent and the lowest 70–75 percent of the population the same share as the top 5 percent. It is clear that the distribution of income and wealth will have substantial implications for the pattern of consumption and production in developing countries.
Keywords:
FD; F&D; country; government; firm; grain; IDA credit; multilateral agency; expatriate firm; DAC country; government employee; Agricultural commodities; Non-renewable resources; Labor force; Public employment; Africa; Middle East; West Africa; North Africa; Western Europe