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Western Hemisphere > Argentina

You are looking at 1 - 3 of 3 items for :

  • Type: Journal Issue x
  • Demographic Economics: General x
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Cover IMF Working Papers
COVID-19 in Latin America: A High Toll on Lives and Livelihoods
Mr. Bas B. Bakker
and
Carlos Goncalves
Latin America was hit hard by Covid-19, both in terms of lives and livelihoods. Early lockdowns in the second quarter of 2020 prevented an explosion of deaths at the time but did not stop the pandemic from later wreaking havoc in the region. This paper investigates the dynamics of pandemics in Latin America and how it differed from elsewhere. We probe the role of non-pharmaceutical interventions; the effectiveness (or lack of thereof) lock-downs in Latin America; which structural factors contributed to the high death toll in Latin America, and the extent to which the epidemic harmed the economy. Finally, we briefly analyze the roots of the second-waves that started in the fourth quarter of 2020.
Keywords:
later lockdown; dynamics of Covid-19 epidemic; lock-downs in Latin America; modeling lockdown type; lockdowns in Latin America; COVID-19; South America; Caribbean; Europe; Western Europe; Asia and Pacific
Cover IMF Working Papers
The Disappearing Openness-Inflation Relationship: A Cross-Country Analysis of Inflation Rates
Mr. M. F. Bleaney
The robust negative correlation between openness and inflation found in cross-country data for the 1970s and 1980s has disappeared in the 1990s. There is now a strong negative correlation of inflation with per capita GDP, as higher-income countries have achieved significant disinflation not emulated by lower-income countries. Since 1973, the most consistent finding is that floating exchange rate regimes are associated with inflation rates at least 10 percent a year higher than pegged exchange rate regimes, after allowing for other factors. There is also a consistent positive correlation between land area and inflation.
Keywords:
WP; exchange rate; regime score; GDP; inflation rate; inflation; openness; openness coefficient; openness-inflation correlation; regime regression; inflation aversion parameter; dependent variable; rate of inflation; Exchange rate arrangements; Floating exchange rates; Imports; Global
Cover IMF Working Papers
Fiscal Restraint, Demographic Change, and Social Services in Israel, 1985-1987, and Application of the Methodology to Latin America
International Monetary Fund
The paper analyzes the development of government social expenditure during the economic stabilization period, with specific reference to the changing needs for such expenditure arising from the change in Israel’s demographic structure. The results reveal a real cut in direct services. The implicit strategy applied a mere restraint, for some two to three years, with real erosion in services arising from the growth in the size of beneficiary groups. This strategy proved attainable, even though it took more time than an alternative shock-like strategy that would have had little, if any, chance of being implemented. A partial application to six Latin American countries shows that even though the increase of the elderly dependency ratio is more than offset by the declining child-dependency ratio, there will be an overall increase in dependency-related expenditure.
Keywords:
WP; national expenditure; health expenditure requirement; fiscal policy; government expenditure; simulation model; social expenditure; expenditure figure; Aging; Total expenditures; Caribbean