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Western Hemisphere > Argentina

You are looking at 1 - 10 of 35 items for :

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Cover IMF Working Papers
A Primer on Bitcoin Cross-Border Flows: Measurement and Drivers
Eugenio M Cerutti
,
Jiaqian Chen
, and
Martina Hengge
The rapid growth of crypto assets raises important questions about their cross-border usage. To gain a better understanding of cross-border Bitcoin flows, we use raw data covering both on-chain (on the Bitcoin blockchain) and off-chain (outside the Bitcoin blockchain) transactions globally. We provide a detailed description of available methodologies and datasets, and discuss the crucial assumptions behind the quantification of cross-border flows. We then present novel stylized facts about Bitcoin cross-border flows and study their global and domestic drivers. Bitcoin cross-border flows respond differently than capital flows to traditional drivers of capital flows, and differences appear between on-chain and off-chain Bitcoin cross-border flows. Off-chain cross-border flows seem correlated with incentives to avoid capital flow restrictions.
Keywords:
Crypto assets; Bitcoin; Cross-border flows; Capital flows; bitcoin blockchain; capital flow restriction; bitcoin flow; cross-border flow; Bitcoin transaction; Blockchain and DLT; Currencies; Financial activity tax; Global
Cover IMF Working Papers
Pricing Sovereign Debt in Resource-Rich Economies
Thomas McGregor
How do oil price movements affect sovereign spreads in an oil-dependent economy? I develop a stochastic general equilibrium model of an economy exposed to co-moving oil price and output processes, with endogenous sovereign default risk. The model explains a large proportion of business cycle fluctuations in interest-rate spreads in oil-exporting emerging market economies, particularly the countercyclicallity of interest rate spreads and oil prices. Higher risk-aversion, more impatient governments, larger oil shares and a stronger correlation between domestic output and oil price shocks all lead to stronger co-movements between risk premiums and the oil price.
Keywords:
WP; oil price; open economy; Risk premium; natural resources; sovereign debt; and default; development; cost parameter; policy makers; oil revenue cost; standard deviation terms; equilibrium bond price; oil price volatility; oil revenue cost of default; oil price state; steady-state price; steady state bond price; output volatility; Oil prices; Emerging and frontier financial markets; Asset prices; Consumption; Oil; gas and mining taxes; Global; Sub-Saharan Africa; Asia and Pacific
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Mexico: Selected Issues
International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.
This Selected Issues paper shows that upgrading basic public infrastructure, and road infrastructure, raises productivity among firms, not only for large companies but also for Mexico’s large number of small and micro firms. This finding suggests that greater government spending on road infrastructure will support efforts to raise productivity and growth over the medium term. Mexico’s infrastructure quality has been on a steady decline. World Economic Forum indicators of perceived infrastructure quality show Mexico broadly in line with—or even outperforming—its emerging market and regional peers. Infrastructure quality and access are likely to weaken further at current investment rates. Spending trends compare particularly poorly to investment needs in the case of roads investment. According to the Global Competitiveness Index, the perceived quality of Mexico’s transportation infrastructure is broadly in line with peers. The note provides evidence of the role of infrastructure investment in boosting productivity.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; firm; Mexico; cost; micro firm; cost cap; spending efficiency; firm productivity; firm's locality; physical capital; IMF FAD Expenditure Assessment Tool; Total expenditures; Education spending; Social protection spending; Capital spending; Global
Cover Policy Papers
Review Of The Fund’s Policy On Multiple Currency Practices: Initial Considerations
International Monetary Fund. Legal Dept.
,
International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
,
International Monetary Fund. Strategy, Policy, &amp
,
Review Department
, and
International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.
This paper reviews the Fund’s policy on multiple currency practices (MCPs). There remain strong economic and legal reasons to retain a policy on MCPs. The over-arching aim of the review is to make the policy and its application more effective. Based on this review, the paper proposes initial considerations for reforming features of the policy that have created challenges. • Clarifying the concept of “official action” to focus on measures that segment FX markets. • Eliminating potentiality. • Updating the threshold for permissible FX spreads. • Adjusting approval policies. • Reviewing links with capital transactions. • Considering merits of a remedial framework.
Keywords:
PP; article; The Fund; MCP Policy; market; transaction; exchange transaction; exchange restriction; fund member; transaction vis-à-vis; Multiple currency practices; Exchange rates; Exchange restrictions; Currencies; Global; IMF's transparency policy; Middle East; Central Africa; East Africa
Cover Administration des régimes fiscaux des industries extractives
Administration des régimes fiscaux des industries extractives
Manuel
Mr. Jack Calder

Abstract

L’administration des recettes fiscales tirées de ressources naturelles présente des difficultés particulières. Ce manuel est l’un des premiers ouvrages à s’intéresser de près à l’efficacité de l’administration des recettes issues des industries extractives. Il fournit aux décideurs politiques et aux agents des pays en développement et émergents des instructions pratiques pour mettre en place un cadre juridique, une organisation et des procédures solides pour gérer les recettes issues de ces industries. Il aborde le thème de la transparence et de sa promotion face une demande croissante des parties prenantes nationales et internationales pour plus de clarté et de responsabilité dans l’administration des recettes publiques tirées des ressources naturelles. Il approfondit également les solutions pour que les pays en développement parviennent à renforcer leurs capacités techniques et managériales pour mieux administrer ces recettes.

Keywords:
BOOK; natural resource; government; tax authority; natural resource company; Large taxpayer office
Cover Manual sobre administración de regímenes fiscales para industrias extractivas
Manual sobre administración de regímenes fiscales para industrias extractivas
Manual
Mr. Jack Calder

Abstract

Los ingresos derivados de los recursos naturales suelen plantear desafíos singulares para la administración tributaria. Este Manual es uno de los primeros de su tipo que se enfoca en la administración eficaz de los ingresos provenientes de las industrias extractivas. Ofrece a las autoridades y los funcionarios en las economías en desarrollo y de mercados emergentes directrices prácticas para el establecimiento de un marco jurídico robusto, una organización y procedimientos para la gestión de los ingresos de estas industrias. Examina la transparencia y la manera de fomentarla ante las crecientes exigencias de claridad y rendición de cuentas en la administración de los ingresos públicos generados por las industrias extractivas, y analiza la forma en que los países en desarrollo pueden reforzar su capacidad gerencial y técnica para administrar estos ingresos.

Keywords:
BOOK; natural resource; government; tax authority; natural resource company; Large taxpayer office
Cover Administering Fiscal Regimes for Extractive Industries
Administering Fiscal Regimes for Extractive Industries
A Handbook
Mr. Jack Calder

Abstract

This handbook is one of the first of its kind to focus attention on effectively administering revenues from extractive industries. It provides policymakers and officials in developing and emerging market economies with practical guidelines to establish a robust legal framework, organization, and procedures for administering revenue from these industries. It discusses transparency and how to promote it in the face of increasing demands for clarity and how developing countries can strengthen their managerial and technical capacity to administer these revenues.

Keywords:
BOOK; natural resource; government; tax authority; natural resource company; Large taxpayer office; revenue administration; government natural resource revenue; Natural resources; Natural resource taxes; Tax administration core functions; Transfer pricing rules; Global; Australia and New Zealand; Europe; equity participation; tax authorities; tax department; Auditing
Cover IMF Working Papers
Tax Composition and Growth: A Broad Cross-Country Perspective
Mr. Santiago Acosta Ormaechea
We investigate the relation between changes in tax composition and long-run economic growth using a new dataset covering a broad cross-section of countries with different income levels. We specifically consider 69 countries with at least 20 years of observations on total tax revenue during the period 1970-2009—21 high-income, 23 middle-income and 25 low-income countries. To our knowledge this is the most comprehensive and up-to-date dataset on tax composition and growth. We find that increasing income taxes while reducing consumption and property taxes is associated with slower growth over the long run. We also find that: (1) among income taxes, social security contributions and personal income taxes have a stronger negative association with growth than corporate income taxes; (2) a shift from income taxes to property taxes has a strong positive association with growth; and (3) a reduction in income taxes while increasing value added and sales taxes is also associated with faster growth.
Keywords:
WP; tax revenue; Tax composition; fiscal policy; growth; trade tax; income-tax share; structure variable; coefficient estimate; tax structure variable; physical capital; control variable; regression equation; Consumption taxes; Income tax systems; Income and capital gains taxes; Property tax; Caribbean
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Paraguay: Temas seleccionados
International Monetary Fund
En los últimos años, el FMI ha publicado cada vez más informes y trabajos que abarcan los fenómenos y tendencias en materia económica y financiera en los países miembros. Un equipo de integrantes del personal técnico del FMI elabora cada informe tras celebrar consultas con los funcionarios de los gobiernos; el país miembro puede optar por publicar el informe.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; Paraguay; revenue
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Paraguay: Selected Issues
International Monetary Fund
This technical paper focuses on the challenges faced by Paraguay’s budget resources. Paraguay’s government should adopt a forward-looking fiscal strategy. The strategy’s main goals should be to contain budget dependence on Itaipu revenues, preserve fiscal discipline, and allow for the gradual and sustainable transformation of the envisaged, yet temporary, windfall into other forms of financial, physical, and human capital. The creation of a special fund could help mobilize public support for saving part of the windfall and building a buffer for the future.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; Paraguay; revenue; Itaipu revenue; inflation expectation; exchange rate pass-through; tax burden; sterilization bill; VAT credit; budget resource; Central bank policy rate; Value-added tax; Income and capital gains taxes; Operational risk; South America