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Western Hemisphere > Argentina

You are looking at 1 - 5 of 5 items for :

  • Type: Journal Issue x
  • Efficiency; Optimal Taxation x
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Cover IMF Working Papers
Tax Composition and Growth: A Broad Cross-Country Perspective
Mr. Santiago Acosta Ormaechea
We investigate the relation between changes in tax composition and long-run economic growth using a new dataset covering a broad cross-section of countries with different income levels. We specifically consider 69 countries with at least 20 years of observations on total tax revenue during the period 1970-2009—21 high-income, 23 middle-income and 25 low-income countries. To our knowledge this is the most comprehensive and up-to-date dataset on tax composition and growth. We find that increasing income taxes while reducing consumption and property taxes is associated with slower growth over the long run. We also find that: (1) among income taxes, social security contributions and personal income taxes have a stronger negative association with growth than corporate income taxes; (2) a shift from income taxes to property taxes has a strong positive association with growth; and (3) a reduction in income taxes while increasing value added and sales taxes is also associated with faster growth.
Keywords:
WP; tax revenue; Tax composition; fiscal policy; growth; trade tax; income-tax share; structure variable; coefficient estimate; tax structure variable; physical capital; control variable; regression equation; Consumption taxes; Income tax systems; Income and capital gains taxes; Property tax; Caribbean
Cover IMF Policy Discussion Papers
Tax Administration and the Small Taxpayer
Mr. Parthasarathi Shome
Small taxpayers should pay their appropriate revenue share while their compliance costs should be reduced. This assumes importance as restructuring in emerging markets has meant rapid growth in services through self-employed small entrepreneurs, who have good revenue potential. Administrative facilitators such as a single tax covering income tax, VAT, and social security tax, at a reduced rate, do not lower tax evasion. They increase vertical and horizontal inequity, and lead to adverse resource allocation. A strategy is needed, extending modernization achieved in large taxpayer units (LTUs) to small taxpayers, including rationalization of collection and reporting of revenue data for policy formulation.
Keywords:
PDP; small taxpayer; tax administration; tax evasion; tax structure; administration measure; GDP ratio; Tax policy; tax administration; small taxpayers; large taxpayer units; services sector; tax administration and the small taxpayer; taxpayer base; tax simplification; taxpayer group; tax statute; tax administrator; tax practice; revenue productivity; taxpayer size; taxpayer separation; tax calculation; Income tax systems; Value-added tax; Tax administration core functions; Small and medium enterprises; Social security contributions; Asia and Pacific; Australia and New Zealand; Eastern Europe; North America; Northern Europe
Cover IMF Working Papers
Should Subsidized Private Transfers Replace Government Social Insurance?
Connel Fullenkamp
and
Mr. Ralph Chami
Private transfers between individuals or through organized charities are increasingly viewed as an alternative for government social insurance programs. This paper models the incentive effects of government subsidized private transfers and finds that while there is a significant welfare benefit to subsidizing private transfers, there is also a significant welfare cost to this policy. It is shown analytically, as well as through simulations, that the optimal subsidy to private transfers is positive for a wide range of parameter values. This result indicates that subsidized private transfers in net terms are welfare enhancing.
Keywords:
WP; labor market; utility function; equilibrium price; marginal utility; Altruism; charity; asymmetric information; social insurance; nonmarket transfers; non-governmental organizations (NGOs); labor market outcome; welfare effect; labor market externality; consumption externality; income risk; labor market response; welfare cost; Tax allowances; Social assistance spending; Labor markets; Moral hazard; Income
Cover IMF Working Papers
Credibility Effects of Price Controls in Disinflation Programs
Pierre-Richard Agénor
This paper examines whether price controls may enhance the credibility of a disinflation program, using a framework in which agents behave strategically. The analysis indicates that a partial price freeze is not fully credible, and may result in inflation inertia. The authorities may be able to determine optimally the intensity of price controls so as to minimize the policy loss associated with a discretionary monetary strategy. But the optimal intensity of controls is shown to be significantly different from zero only if the cost of enforcing price ceilings is not too high, or if the weight attached to price distortions in the policymaker’s loss function is small.
Keywords:
WP; demand shock; price-control policy; price expectation; price rule; intensity of price controls; price distortion; Price controls; Inflation; Asset prices; Optimal taxation; Demand elasticity
Cover IMF Working Papers
Theory and Policy: A Commenton Dixit andon Current Tax Theory
Mr. Vito Tanzi
In a recent paper Professor Dixit criticized the argument that when collection lags characterize tax systems, recourse to inflationary finance should be minimized. He argued that, in such case, rather than minimizing recourse to inflationary finance, the rates of the commodity taxes should be adjusted to maintain them at an optimal level and, thus, to minimize welfare costs. This paper shows that the requirements for following Dixit’s policy prescription are almost impossible to meet. The paper argues that more attention should be paid by tax theorists to the constraints under which tax reforms are made.
Keywords:
WP; Dixit; cost; inflation tax; tax rate; inflation rate; rate of inflation; implicit recommendation; collection cost; policy option; theoretical analysis; tax practitioner; Inflation; Consumption taxes; Global