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  • genre: journal x
  • issn: 2616-5333 x
  • volume: 2014 x
Cover Departmental Papers
Vers de nouveaux horizons : La transformation économique sur fond de transition politique dans le monde arabe
Mr. Harald Finger
and
Ms. Daniela Gressani
Les mutations du paysage politique dans le monde arabe ouvrent des perspectives pour transformer l'économie en remédiant à des problèmes économiques de longue date. Néanmoins, trois ans après le début de la transition politique dans le monde arabe, force est de constater qu'il a été difficile de gérer les transitions et de mettre en œuvre les réformes économiques nécessaires. Ce document présente des éléments de réformes essentiels dans le domaine de la politique économique pour les pays arabes en transition.
Keywords:
DPPP; DP; exchange rate; labor market; private sector; central bank; job creation; monetary policy
Cover Departmental Papers
External Assessments in Special Cases
Anna Ter-Martirosyan
,
Ms. Sally Chen
,
Mr. Lawrence Dwight
,
Ms. Mwanza Nkusu
,
Mr. Mehdi Raissi
, and
Ms. Ashleigh Watson
External Assessments in Special Cases presents the pilot External Balances Assessment methodology developed by IMF staff for estimating current account and exchange rate gaps for a group of advanced and emerging market economies, and discusses modifications to take account of special cases. Different approaches to external assessments for countries with special circumstances are evaluated, and some tools presented that could be used to inform sound judgment on the part of those conducting such assessments.
Keywords:
DPPP; DP; exchange rate assessment; CGER method; CA balance; misalignment estimate; IMF staff calculation; assessment toolkit; IMF country team; exchange rate gap; Exchange rate assessments; Exchange rates; Income; External balance assessment (EBA); Global; Middle East; Central Asia; Sub-Saharan Africa; East Asia; pilot External Balances Assessment; IMF risk analysis; open economy; assessment method; EBA methodology; Remittances
Cover Departmental Papers
The Caucasus and Central Asia: Transitioning to Emerging Markets
International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept.
The countries in the Caucasus and Central Asia (CCA) have recorded significant macroeconomic achievements since independence. These countries have grown more rapidly-—on average by 7 percent over 1996–2011—-than those in many other regions of the world and poverty has declined. Inflation has come down sharply from high rates in the 1990s and interest rates have fallen. Financial sectors have deepened somewhat, as evidenced by higher deposits and lending. Fiscal policies were broadly successful in building buffers prior to the global crisis and those buffers were used effectively by many CCA countries to support growth and protect the most vulnerable as the crisis washed across the region. CCA oil and gas exporters have achieved significant improvements in living standards with the use of their energy wealth.
Keywords:
CCA country; monetary policy; financial system; exchange rate; transmission mechanism; emerging market; natural resource; CCA IMF country team recommendation; banking sector; Financial sector; Infrastructure; Emerging and frontier financial markets; Global; Central Asia; East Asia; Central Asia and the Caucasus; Eastern Europe; Er-CCA country; CCA economy; CCA government; foreign direct investment; Natural resources
Cover Departmental Papers
Toward New Horizons: Arab Economic Transformation amid Political Transition
Mr. Harald Finger
and
Ms. Daniela Gressani
The changing political landscape in the Arab world has created opportunities for economic transformation by tackling long-standing economic issues. Nevertheless, three years after the onset of political transition, implementing necessary economic policies has proven to be challenging. This paper lays out key elements of economic policy reform for Arab countries in transition.
Keywords:
DPPP; DP; exchange rate; labor market; private sector; central bank; job creation; monetary policy
Cover Departmental Papers
Managing Volatile Capital Flows: Experiences and Lessons for Sub-Saharan African Frontier Markets
Cheikh A. Gueye
,
Mr. Javier Arze del Granado
,
Mr. Rodrigo Garcia-Verdu
,
Mr. Mumtaz Hussain
,
Mr. B. Jang
,
Mr. Sebastian Weber
, and
Mr. Juan S Corrales
During the past three years the frontier markets of sub-Saharan Africa have received growing amounts of portfolio capital flows, with heightened interest from foreign investors. Compared with foreign direct investment, portfolio capital flows tend to be more volatile, and thus pose challenges for sub-Saharan African frontier markets. This study examines the evolution of capital flows since 2010 and discusses the policies these countries have designed to reduce risks from the inherent volatility of these flows.
Keywords:
DPPP; DP; frontier market; market; capital; government bond; capital flow; exchange rate; central bank; U.S. dollar; Emerging and frontier financial markets; Capital flows; Foreign direct investment; Capital inflows; Private capital flows; Sub-Saharan Africa; Global; Africa
Cover Departmental Papers
Toward New Horizons: Arab Economic Transformation amid Political Transition
Mr. Harald Finger
and
Ms. Daniela Gressani

The changing political landscape in the Arab world has created opportunities for economic transformation by tackling long-standing economic issues. Nevertheless, three years after the onset of political transition, implementing necessary economic policies has proven to be challenging. This paper lays out key elements of economic policy reform for Arab countries in transition.

Keywords:
DPPP; DP; exchange rate; labor market; private sector; central bank; job creation; monetary policy; Exchange rate flexibility; Employment; Global; North Africa; East Asia; Europe; Central and Eastern Europe
Cover Departmental Papers
The Caucasus and Central Asia: Transitioning to Emerging Markets
International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept.
The countries in the Caucasus and Central Asia (CCA) have recorded significant macroeconomic achievements since independence. These countries have grown more rapidly-—on average by 7 percent over 1996–2011—-than those in many other regions of the world and poverty has declined. Inflation has come down sharply from high rates in the 1990s and interest rates have fallen. Financial sectors have deepened somewhat, as evidenced by higher deposits and lending. Fiscal policies were broadly successful in building buffers prior to the global crisis and those buffers were used effectively by many CCA countries to support growth and protect the most vulnerable as the crisis washed across the region. CCA oil and gas exporters have achieved significant improvements in living standards with the use of their energy wealth.
Keywords:
CCA country; monetary policy; financial system; exchange rate; transmission mechanism; emerging market; natural resource; CCA IMF country team recommendation; banking sector; Financial sector; Infrastructure; Emerging and frontier financial markets; Global; Central Asia; East Asia; Central Asia and the Caucasus; Eastern Europe
Cover Departmental Papers
Subsidy Reform in the Middle East and North Africa: Recent Progress and Challenges Ahead
Mr. Carlo A Sdralevich
,
Miss Randa Sab
,
Mr. Younes Zouhar
, and
Ms. Giorgia Albertin
In the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries price subsidies are common, especially on food and fuels. However, these are neither well targeted nor cost effective as a social protection tool, often benefiting mainly the better off instead of the poor and vulnerable. This paper explores the challenges of replacing generalized price subsidies with more equitable social safety net instruments, including the short-term inflationary effects, and describes the features of successful subsidy reforms.
Keywords:
DPPP; DP; subsidy reform; exchange rate; fuel price; price increase; price subsidy; energy subsidy; food subsidy; fuel subsidy; Energy subsidies; Fuel prices; Inflation; Oil prices; Social assistance spending; Middle East; North Africa; East Africa; Middle East and Central Asia; Global; oil importer; oil exporter; reform outcome; reforms in the Middle East; Oil
Cover Departmental Papers
Issuing International Sovereign Bonds: Opportunities and Challenges for Sub-Saharan Africa
Mr. Mauro Mecagni
,
Mr. Jorge I Canales Kriljenko
,
Cheikh A. Gueye
,
Mr. Yibin Mu
,
Mr. Masafumi Yabara
, and
Mr. Sebastian Weber
This African Department Paper examines the rise in international sovereign bonds issued by African frontier economies and recommends policies for potential first-time issuers.
Keywords:
DPPP; DP; sovereign bond; bond issue; U.S. dollar; Eurobond; Brady bond; proceeds; foreign currency; debt management; fiscal policy; sovereign bond issuance terms; Eurobond holder; sovereign bond bond issue; bullet Eurobond; debt service; characteristics of the sovereign bond instrument; standard-sized sovereign bond; bond proceeds; coupon rate; Sovereign bonds; Bonds; International bonds; Government debt management; Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Global
Cover Departmental Papers
La montée en puissance du Mozambique — Construire un nouveau lendemain
Ms. Doris C Ross
,
Victor Duarte Lledo
,
Mr. Alex Segura-Ubiergo
,
Mr. Yuan Xiao
,
Ms. Iyabo Masha
,
Mr. Alun H. Thomas
, and
Mr. Keiichiro Inui
La présente publication met en exergue la croissance remarquablement vigoureuse du Mozambique au cours des vingt dernières années depuis la fin de la guerre civile en 1992, ainsi que les obstacles principaux que le pays doit encore surmonter pour sortir de la pauvreté et poursuivre son développement économique. Les chapitres portent entre autres sur les thèmes suivants : le rôle des mégaprojets et leur rapport à l'emploi et la croissance ; l'infrastructure et l'investissement public ; le Mozambique sur la voie de la croissance inclusive ; le développement du secteur agricole ; et l'établissement d'un socle de protection sociale.
Keywords:
DPPP; DP; natural resource; foreign direct investment; private sector; exchange rate; economic growth; resource revenue; civil war; management system; primary sector